Ba shi yiwuwa a yi tunanin wani apiary na zamani ba tare da tsarin daban-daban da aka sanya a kan yankinsa ba, wanda ya ƙunshi kwari. A cikin gonakin zuma, ana amfani da nau’ikan gidaje daban-daban, masu dacewa da wani yanki na yanayi. Amyar kudan zuma ta ƙunshi sassa da yawa. Ana iya yin su da hannu daga kayan aminci, masu keɓe idan ya cancanta.
Na’urar hikin kudan zuma
Tushen tsarin da kwarin zuma ke rayuwa a ciki shine jiki rectangular inda gidan yake. Ganuwarsa na iya zama ɗaya ko biyu (tare da rufin rufi), dangane da yanayin yanayi a cikin hunturu da bazara. Manya-manyan iyalai sau da yawa suna buƙatar tsarin dangi fiye da ɗaya.
Ana yin shiga da gefuna masu santsi a gaban jiki don wucewar ƙudan zuma. Yawancin lokaci akwai 2 daga cikinsu: a ƙasa akwai wani dogon kunkuntar ramin, a sama da shi akwai ƙananan rami mai zagaye, wanda aka fi amfani dashi azaman samun iska. Ana ba da ramuka tare da bawuloli.
Wadannan sassa masu cirewa suna haɗe zuwa babban tsarin hive, suna haɗa su:
- Kasa. Yana tara gawarwakin ƙudan zuma, sharar gida, wanda dole ne a cire shi lokaci-lokaci. Dole ne a sami tallafi a ƙasa don tsarin ya tashi sama da ƙasa. Wasu masu kiwon kudan zuma sun fi son haɗa ƙananan sashi zuwa jiki, amma wannan yana sa tsaftacewa da wahala.
- Tebur masu zuwa. An gyara su a ƙarƙashin ramukan famfo.
- Tsarin tsari. Ana rataye sassa masu siffar rectangular tare da kakin zuma da tsefe-tsafe a jikin buhunan domin gina gidan, da kuma a cikin wani tanti domin kudan zuma su cika da zuma da burodin kudan zuma.
Muhimmin:
An gyara firam ɗin jiki a cikin madaidaita ko kuma daidai da ramin famfo don daidaita samun iska. Ga dangi mai rauni, hanyar farko ta fi dacewa – ɗigon dumi.
- diaphragm. Farantin bakin ciki wanda ya dace a cikin jiki kuma ana amfani dashi don raba firam ɗin tsintsiya.
- Ci. Yawancin lokaci ya bambanta da ƙirar gida a tsayi, kauri bango. Saboda haka, firam ɗin su na iya zama ƙasa da haske fiye da firam ɗin jiki. Tare da tarin zuma mai aiki, an ƙara hive tare da kari daban-daban.
- Rabuwar latti. Lokacin da aka sanya shi akan firam ɗin, yana keɓance sauyawa daga mahaifa zuwa wani ɓangaren hive.
- Silin. Kare gidan daga ƙudan zuma daga sama daga hasken rana, ruwan sama da shigar kwari. Ana shigar da rufin mai hana ruwa tare da gangara a jiki ko a cikin bitar. Sau da yawa, an sanya ƙarin shigarwa na rectangular (ƙananan rufi) a ƙarƙashinsa, wanda ya zama dole don inganta samun iska na hive, don saka sutura ko matashin kai don dumi a cikin lokacin sanyi.
Matsakaicin ciki da waje na duk sassan tsarin sun dogara da nau’in gidan da aka zaɓa, kayan da aka yi amfani da su. Dole ne a haɗa samfuran a hankali da juna. Ana rufe tsagewar wuce gona da iri don kar a yi sanyi a saƙar zumar.
Nau’in amya
Apiaries suna amfani da tsari iri-iri don adana kwari na zuma, masu kiwon kudan zuma sun haɓaka kuma suna inganta su. Gabaɗaya, ana iya raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu:
- a kwance;
- a tsaye.
Nau’in amya na farko (gadaje) yana da elongated jiki mai nauyi. Don faɗaɗa saƙar zuma, ƙudan zuma suna zaune a cikinsa daidai gwargwado. Tsarin da ba nadawa yana da wahalar motsawa. Lokacin yin hidima, ana duba firam ɗin kuma ana maye gurbinsu. Idan kana bukatar ka ci gaba da dama mazaunan ƙudan zuma a cikin hive, da gida ne rabu da diaphragms.
A cikin nau’in tsari na biyu, yawanci ana sanya firam 10-14 a cikin akwatin, don haka, idan ya cancanta, ana shigar da ƙarin kayayyaki tare da waxes a saman. Ana iya cire kowane babban tsari kuma a maye gurbinsa, amma akan manyan ƙugiya ana yin aikin tare da firam daban-daban. Modulolin suna shinge da sanduna don raba yankunan kudan zuma.
Dadanovsky
Faɗin ginin ma’aikacin kudan zuma na Faransa Charles Dadant na cikin rukunin amya a tsaye. Ana amfani da shi a cikin apiaries tare da yanayi daban-daban kuma ana godiya da sauƙin sarrafawa da sauƙi na kulawa.
Ginin hive na Dadanovsky ya fi tsayi fiye da tsarin kantin sayar da kaya. Don hunturu na ƙudan zuma, ana aiwatar da shi tare da bango mai rufi biyu. Yawancin lokaci ana ɗaukar nau’ikan soket 1 ko 2 – yawancin firam ɗin da suke da shi, suna ƙara nauyi. Tare da farkon tarin zuma, ana shigar da adadin da ake buƙata na ɗakunan ajiya don nectar da aka tattara a saman.
Muhimmin:
Tsarin hive na Dadan na tsaye yana kare gidan da kyau daga sanyaya da zafi, kuma yana ba da damar rage damuwa ga kudan zuma yayin tattara zuma. Akwai isasshen sarari a daidaitaccen gini don babban iyali.
Masu kiwon kudan zuma yakamata su maye gurbin cikakkun firam ɗin tare da fanko, don maye gurbin sabbin tanti a cikin lokaci, in ba haka ba kwari za su fara yin tururuwa ba tare da sarari ba. Karamin Dadans (na firam 8-10) ana iya amfani da su a cikin apiaries ta hannu.
Hanyar Kudan zuma
Filogi da na’urorin caja tsayi iri ɗaya ne. Ana amfani da su don shirya hive multibody a tsaye na 5-6 tubalan (a cikin 2 akwai firam ɗin tare da brood da abinci) yayin lokacin tarin zuma mai aiki. Faɗin gida yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin ci gaban yankin kudan zuma, yana rage haɓakar ɗimbin yawa.
Muhimmin:
Gidan da ke cike da hive na Ruta ya fi na Dadan wuta. Don haka, lokacin aiki tare da shi, suna amfani da hanyar sake tsarawa ko maye gurbin gabaɗayan kayayyaki, kuma ba raba firam ɗin ba. A cikin bazara, don wannan, kuna buƙatar jira don dumi, don kada ku kwantar da gida lokacin motsi akwatin.
Saboda ƙarancin nauyinsa, tsarin Rut ya dace da apiaries na hannu. Manyan gonakin kudan zuma ne ke amfani da waɗannan amya, tunda ƙarancin lokacin da ake kashewa don kulawa.
Don hunturu karamin kwari na kwari, 1 module don firam 10 na 43,5 * 23 cm ya isa, ana iya barin dangin ƙudan zuma a cikin gine-gine 2, suna raba sararin samaniya tare da diaphragms. A cikin bazara, kuna buƙatar faɗaɗa ramin a cikin lokaci ta maye gurbin ƙarin ƙirar ko cire ƙuntatawa.
mai tsayi
Wannan rumfar kudan zuma da take da yawa tana da tsarin samun iska na musamman. Ba shi da ramuka a bangon, sai rami 1 don ƙaramin famfo. Fresh iska, shigar da tsarin, ya tashi zuwa rufin kuma ya cika a hanya tare da danshi da carbon dioxide. Sai ka sauka ka fita. Rufin da ke ƙarƙashin rufin yana hidima don ɗaukar sutura, baya barin iska ta wuce kuma yana riƙe da condensate.
Muhimmin:
A cikin ƙudan zuma mai tsayi, ƙudan zuma sun yi sanyi a hankali, tare da farkon bazara, suna karuwa da sauri tare da karuwa a yawan adadin jiki, kuma a lokacin rani suna samar da karin zuma.
Samfuran hive suna da sauƙin ƙira, marasa nauyi, da dacewa. Suna kula da kyawawan yanayi don ci gaban yankunan kudan zuma, kusa da na halitta. Irin waɗannan gine-ginen ba sa buƙatar rufin waje a cikin hunturu saboda rashin manyan mashigai da buɗewar samun iska.
Kaset hive
An haɗa ƙananan sassan gidan a kwance da kuma a tsaye. Yawan su ya dogara da ƙarfin kudan zuma mazauna, kasancewar sarauniya. Sashen hive ya haɗa da jiki, babban tsari, ginshiƙi, yanki don rarraba kayayyaki. Binciken kowane kaset yana da sauri da sauƙi, ba tare da taɓa waɗanda ke kusa ba. Bangon rarraba na bakin ciki yana sanye da grid, gilashi ko yana iya zama mai ƙarfi, dangane da manufar amfani da shi.
Muhimmin:
Don samun iska, ana yanke ƙananan ramuka a cikin ganuwar kuma a ƙasan hive na cassettes na kudan zuma. Cikakkun bayanai suna impregnated da kakin zuma, ba su tabo. Zane yana buƙatar kula da danshi, ingantaccen kariya daga shigar da kwari.
Don lokacin hunturu, sassan 3-4, waɗanda ke cikin gidajen ƙudan zuma, toshe 1 ne. Wannan yana taimakawa riƙe zafi. Haɗin samfuran yana ba da damar samun iyalai da yawa masu girma dabam kusa, don amfani da kowane nau’in hanyoyin aiki.
Wurin kudan zuma
Fadin jiki mai tsayi yana ɗaukar firam ɗin saƙar zuma 32. Don hunturu, an rage ƙarar saƙar zuma ta hanyar shigar da diaphragms. An ba da izinin kiyaye iyalai 1 a cikin amya 2, an raba su da wani yanki; kowane daki yana da nasa ƙofar. Ganuwar lokacin farin ciki suna da sauƙin rufewa tare da matashin kai na musamman. Yawancin ƙasa ana haɗawa da ƙugiya don ƙarfafa tsarin.
Muhimmin:
Saboda tsari a kwance na firam ɗin, suna da sauƙin dubawa da sake tsara su. A kan kujeru, dangin kudan zuma suna haɓaka da sauri a cikin bazara, suna yin ƙasa kaɗan, suna da isasshen sarari don yin ƙwai, sa abinci da ganima.
Dogayen hive mai tsayi da ƙaƙƙarfa ba ya da iska don haka yana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa a lokacin zafi. Bugu da ƙari, yana buƙatar ƙarin sarari don ɗaukar shi fiye da sauran tsarin.
A wasu nau’ikan loungers, ana shigar da firam ɗin a tsaye. Jikin ya zama kunkuntar da tsayi. Ya fi dacewa ga dangin ƙudan zuma don ƙara yawan, a hankali suna tayar da combs.
Zaɓin kayan aiki
Hidimar da ake ajiye kwaron zuma dole ne ta kasance mai jure yanayi kuma mai dorewa. Yana da mahimmanci a kula da amincin su a cikin kera tsarin apiary. Don wannan kasuwancin, ana ɗaukar kayan halitta masu inganci ko na wucin gadi waɗanda ba sa fitar da abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin iska.
A cikin ginin gidan kudan zuma, ana iya amfani da waɗannan abubuwan:
- itace
- plywood zanen gado;
- polyurethane kumfa tubalan (kasa da sau da yawa, styrofoam).
Mafi shahararren abu shine softwood. Busassun katako mai laushi da taushi (linden, Birch, Pine) sun dace don yin kowane nau’in amya. Itace ta wuce iska da kyau kuma, daga zafi, ana bi da su tare da mahadi na musamman, fentin a waje.
Gidan kudan zuma na plywood ba shi da tsada kuma mai dorewa. Tsarin da aka yi da irin wannan abu yana buƙatar ruwa mai hana ruwa, rufi don hunturu.
Babban ingancin filastik yana da dorewa kuma ba shi da lahani. Yana yin fitilun kudan zuma wanda baya lalacewa daga kamuwa da sanyi da danshi. Duk da haka, dole ne a kula don tabbatar da cewa gidan yana da iska mai kyau da kuma kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye a lokacin rani.
Sau da yawa lokacin yin hive, ana haɗa kayan da suka dace, alal misali, an yi bangon plywood tare da shigar da kumfa mai ɓoye.
A cikin waɗanne amya ya fi kyau a sami ƙudan zuma don masu kiwon zuma novice?
Saboda rashin kwarewa wajen kula da kwari na zuma, ana bada shawara don zaɓar ƙirar da ke da sauƙin kulawa. Gidan kudan zuma mai firam 16 ya dace da mai kiwon kudan zuma na farko. Ayyukan sake tsara tushe da share kasan tarkace ba shi da wahala, ba a cika damuwa da tarkace ta hanyar dubawa ba. A cikin bazara, ana ba da sarari kyauta don ƙudan zuma don faɗaɗa gida, kuma a cikin hunturu an rage shi don dumi.
An shawarci mai kiwon kudan zuma mara ƙware wanda ke son kiyaye kudan zuma a sifofi a tsaye don shigar da hive Dadant a cikin firam 10-12. Yana da isasshen iska. Hakanan ana aiwatar da aikin ta hanyar firam, ba tare da motsa jikin ba.
Daga cikin ƙirar kudan zuma da yawa da aka yi da kayan daban-daban, zaku iya zaɓar mafi dacewa ga kowane apiary. Da farko, kuna buƙatar kula da jin daɗin ƙudan zuma. Kwari masu ƙarfi, masu lafiya za su samar da zuma mai yawa da sauran abinci masu lafiya.
