Wani samfuri mai ban mamaki mai ban mamaki, kuma wannan yana bayyana kansa ba kawai a cikin ɗakin abinci ba. Daga cikin
sakamakon sarrafa dankalin turawa: barasa ethyl, antimicrobial
kafofin watsa labaru har ma da allon ginin fiberboard, wanda, godiya ga dankalin turawa
sitaci an rarraba shi azaman kayan da ba su dace da muhalli ba.
A fagen magani, ana amfani da abubuwa daga tubers dankalin turawa.
don haɓaka magungunan da ke jinkirta farkon cutar Alzheimer,
lalata ƙwayoyin ciwon daji a cikin ƙwayar gastrointestinal, kawar da matakai masu kumburi.
Na musamman kimiyya sha’awa ne amfani Properties na dankali,
a baya ana buƙatar kawai a cikin maganin gargajiya.
Amfani Properties na dankali
Haɗin kai da adadin kuzari.
Danyen dankalin turawa ya ƙunshi (a kowace g 100): .
kalori 69 kcal
Mafi amfani shine dankali,
gasa
a cikin kwasfa, wanda kuma ake kira “a cikin uniform” dankali. Kawo
amfanin da amfani da busassun tubers, amma soyayyen dankali.
bai kamata a zage shi ba, tun da irin wannan maganin zafi
da ban mamaki yana ƙara abun ciki na fats da abubuwa masu cutarwa da su
enzymes masu narkewa ba su aiki da kyau.
Kayan magani
Amfanin tasiri na dankali akan matakai daban-daban na jiki.
an bayyana mutum da kasancewarsa a cikin abun da ya yi na adadi mai yawa
abubuwa masu amfani. Na farko, dankali shine tushen tushen ascorbic.
acid ko bitamin C. Ko da yake a cikin ƙananan yawa, amma a cikin abun da ke ciki
suna kuma da bitamin
rukunin B. Na biyu, saboda babban abun ciki na sitaci,
dankali yana ba da gudummawa mai yawa na carbohydrates zuwa jiki
kuma yana baiwa mutum kuzari da kuzari. Na uku, sunadaran dankalin turawa
samar da jikin mutum 14 daga cikin 20 muhimman amino acid.
Bugu da ƙari, a kowane nau’i kuma tare da kowane magani mai zafi na dankali
sosai arziki a cikin potassium. Wannan ma’adinan yana taimakawa
a cikin yaki da hauhawar jini, tun da yake yana son vasodilation.
Potassium kuma diuretic ne kuma yana da mahimmanci ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar
sauke,
cystitis, acidosis
da kuma prostatitis.
Ta hanyar inganta kawar da ruwa mai yawa daga jiki, potassium shine
ta haka taimaka muku kula da al’ada metabolism..
Iron, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, da zinc a cikin dankali
Yana taimakawa girma da ƙarfafa kashi. A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci cewa jiki
An kiyaye ma’auni na phosphorus da alli, tun da wuce haddi na phosphorus
kuma rashin sinadarin calcium na iya haifar da kara raunin kashi
kuma, a sakamakon haka, osteoporosis..
Vitamin C, wanda yake da wadata a cikin dankalin turawa, yana da karfi antioxidant;
shiga cikin neutralization na free radicals a cikin jiki
mutane sabili da haka suna taimakawa wajen hana lalata tantanin halitta
da kayan haɗin gwiwa. Yana inganta samar da collagen da
yana taimakawa wajen sha da baƙin ƙarfe.… Tare da bitamin
B, da magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, da zinc, bitamin C yana da yawa
tasiri mai kyau akan yanayin fata kuma yana sauƙaƙe zafi tare da ƙasa
ƙonewa..
Vitamin B6, haɗe da enzymes daban-daban, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa
rawar a cikin sarrafa sunadarai da carbohydrates, da kuma shiga
a cikin aiwatar da mai metabolism. Bugu da ƙari, B6 yana inganta haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta
haemoglobin kuma gabaɗaya yana inganta samuwar jini.. Vitamin B9
(folic acid), bi da bi, yana da matukar muhimmanci ga
DNA kira da erythrocyte farfadowa. Kasancewarsa a cikin jiki
Musamman mahimmanci ga mata a lokacin daukar ciki, kamar yadda B9 ke ciki
a cikin tsari na samuwar tsarin tsarin juyayi na tayin..
Kasancewar fiber na abinci mai ƙarfi a cikin dankali, musamman fiber,
yana da tasiri mai kyau akan matakan cholesterol kuma yana taimakawa hanawa
toshewar arteries. Fiber kuma yana taimakawa daidaita stools.
tare da maƙarƙashiya. Gaskiya ne cewa dole ne a la’akari da cewa yawancin abinci
fibers, duk da haka, kamar sauran abubuwa masu amfani, shine
akan ko kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin fatar dankalin turawa.
A cikin maganin gargajiya
A cikin maganin gargajiya, tubers dankalin turawa da kansu
Ba a yi amfani da su ba, amma ana amfani da samfuran da aka samu a cikin tsari
sarrafa shi, da ganye, furanni da ‘ya’yan itacen dankalin turawa.
Misali, sitaci dankalin turawa.
yawanci ana samun su a cikin foda da man shafawa
ga cututtuka daban-daban na fata. Hakanan ana amfani dashi azaman
dauri wakili a cikin yi na Allunan. Hakanan, tun
An samo barasa mai inganci na ethyl daga sitaci dankalin turawa.
Dukan ɓangaren sama (mai tushe, ganye, furanni, ‘ya’yan itatuwa) na dankalin turawa.
Bush ya ƙunshi glycoalkaloid solanine, mai guba ga mutane da dabbobi.
Duk da haka, binciken kimiyya ya nuna cewa a cikin ƙananan allurai da
Lokacin da aka haɗa shi da sauran sinadaran, solanine na iya zama da amfani.
Alal misali, ana amfani da shi azaman albarkatun kasa don haɓakar hormones.
a cikin masana’antar harhada magunguna.
A cikin magungunan jama’a
Ba kamar magungunan gargajiya ba, a cikin shahararrun girke-girke bakan
amfani da dankali ya fi yawa. Tare da taimakon dankali suna magance mura.
ulcers, cututtukan zuciya, kawar da allergies
halayen, wasu ma suna da’awar ingancin dankali
a yaki da cutar daji. Duk da haka, kafin mu fara
maganin dankalin turawa, yana da daraja tuntubar likita, saboda
Amfani da dankali ba daidai ba ko rashin dacewa zai iya zama kawai
kara tsananta lamarin.
kara
An yi imanin ruwan ‘ya’yan itacen dankalin turawa yana da tasiri wajen yakar ulcers.
ciki da kuma gastritis.
Hakanan yana daidaita tsarin narkewar abinci kuma yana kawar da ƙwannafi.
Kyakkyawan sakamako shine yafi saboda kasancewar
a cikin abun da ke ciki na sitaci tubers – mai kyau enveloping wakili.
Bugu da ƙari, ana nuna ruwan ‘ya’yan itace ga masu ciwon sukari (ciwon sukari
m da matsakaici), kamar yadda yake normalizes carbohydrates
musanya. Ruwan dankalin turawa kuma yana taimakawa wajen wanke jiki
abubuwa masu guba da slags. Don irin waɗannan dalilai, sau da yawa ana haɗuwa
tare da seleri ko karas ruwan ‘ya’yan itace.
Kafin fara maganin ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, ana bada shawara don ware
nama, kifi, kayan yaji da ganye daga abinci, maye gurbin su da samfurori
asalin kayan lambu. Wannan zai taimaka shirya jiki.
bayan samun danyen ruwan dankalin turawa.
Yawancin lokaci don cin zarafi na gastrointestinal tract, an bada shawarar
a sha gilashin ruwan ‘ya’yan itace idan kun tashi a kan komai a ciki sannan ku kwanta
don wani rabin sa’a a gado, kuma bayan wani rabin sa’a za ku iya yin karin kumallo.
Hanyar kwanaki goma na maganin ruwan ‘ya’yan itace ya kamata a bi ta hanyar magani na kwanaki goma.
karya. Sa’an nan kuma za a iya maimaita karatun. Ga matsalolin zuciya
Yana da kyau a sha 100 ml na ruwan ‘ya’yan itace sau uku a rana kafin abinci. An ci gaba da karatun
sati uku, sai kuma hutun sati daya.
Don shirya ruwan ‘ya’yan itace dankalin turawa, dole ne ku zaɓi wanda ba ya tsiro
lafiya tubers. Yana da mahimmanci cewa kwasfa ba shi da tint mai launin kore,
yana nuna kasancewar wani abu mai guba a cikin tuber.
Hakanan ba a ba da shawarar matse ruwan ‘ya’yan itace daga Fabrairu zuwa sabon ba.
girbin dankalin turawa, tunda solanine ya taru a ciki, kuma
adadin abubuwa masu amfani.
Ya kamata a wanke dankalin da aka zaɓa, a tsaftace shi kuma a wuce
juicer. Wata hanya ta dabam ita ce grate dankali.
ko kuma a yi sara sannan a tace da tsumma.
Zai fi kyau a sha ruwan ‘ya’yan itace da aka shirya nan da nan, saboda a lokacin ajiya
yayi duhu, ya zama ja, da aikin bitamin
Karami sosai.
Damuwa
Ana amfani da damfaran dankalin turawa don dalilai daban-daban. Na farko,
an yi imanin suna taimakawa wajen rage tari. Ana samun sakamako
rage kumburin hanyar iska da kuma kara yawan tsammanin
gamsai yana dumama kirji. Don yin damfara
wajibi ne a wanke da tafasa 3-5 tubers a cikin kwasfa. Sai ki kwaba dankalin
sanya shi a kan gauze kuma manne shi a baya da kirji na majiyyaci, nannade
tare da tawul na minti 45-60. Ba za a iya yin aikin a cikin yara ba.
har zuwa shekaru 4-5. Har ila yau, damfara an hana shi idan mai haƙuri yana da zazzabi.
Na biyu, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da matsa lamba dankalin turawa lokacin
ciwon haɗin gwiwa Dole ne ku grate 200-300 g na danyen dankali
grate da Mix tare da adadin grated horseradish tushen.
Ya kamata a yi amfani da adadin da aka samu a kafafu, yana rufe da cellophane.
aluminum foil da zafi tare da ulun zane. Yawancin lokaci ana yin irin wannan damfara.
da dare.
Na uku, damfara dankalin turawa na iya zama da amfani idan
daga gajiya da rashin bacci tana da duhu da “jakuna”
karkashin idanu. Don shirya damfara, dole ne ku wanke da grate.
dankalin turawa a kan grater mai kyau. Sa’an nan kuma raba sakamakon taro
a cikin rabi, ku nannade sassan biyu a cikin gauze kuma ku manne su a idanu har tsawon 10
mintuna
Numfashi
Ga m cututtuka na numfashi da suke tare da
tari, ana bada shawarar yin numfashi akan dankali. Dankali
tafasa ba tare da gishiri a cikin ruwa kadan ba. Jefa kan kai
tawul da numfashi tururi na minti 5-10.
Zafafa
Dankali broth ya ƙunshi yawancin bitamin da ma’adanai, waɗanda
tubers suna da wadata. Masu maganin gargajiya sun ce da taimakonsu
za a iya cirewa
kumburi da inganta aikin zuciya. Ana bada shawara don tafasa dankali.
a cikin fata kuma ba tare da gishiri ba. Kuna buƙatar sha ruwan dumi sau uku a mako.
An kuma yi imanin cewa wankan jiko na dankalin turawa yana da amfani.
ga fata na hannaye, yayin da suke laushi da kuma inganta warkarwa
kananan raunuka.
Tinctures
A cikin maganin jama’a, ban da tubers da kansu, suna amfani da su
furanni dankalin turawa, daga abin da aka shirya tinctures. An dauke su tasiri
a cikin yaki da fungi. Recipe, ƙananan adadin furanni.
(kimanin cokali 1) zuba 250 ml na ruwan zãfi a nace
3-4 hours a cikin thermos. Ana adana irin wannan tincture a cikin firiji, ba
fiye da kwana biyu. Don dogon ajiya (a cikin makonni biyu)
Wajibi ne a haxa sakamakon tincture tare da 30 ml na barasa ko vodka.
Wasu masu maganin gargajiya suna amfani da tincture na fure don
maganin ciwon daji. Recipe 1 tablespoon na furanni
kana bukatar ka zuba ruwan tafasasshen gilashi biyu, sannan ka dage
Minti 30. Bayan haka, nace na kimanin sa’o’i 3 akan wani
yi jita-jita a cikin tanda. Dole ne a sha ruwan da aka samu sau uku.
kowace rana, 100 ml. Hanyar magani shine makonni 3. Koyaya, nema
ya ce dole ne a kula sosai, tun da yawan alkaloids
a cikin furanni na shuka ya fi girma fiye da a cikin tubers.
A cikin magungunan gabas
A cikin litattafai na gargajiya na gabas akan magani, an ambaci shi
game da dankali, domin a lokacin rubuta game da dankali
a wadancan sassan har yanzu bai sani ba. Duk da haka, alal misali, a cikin Tibet na zamani
An yi imani da wannan kayan lambu don amfani da tsarin juyayi.
(tsarin Rlung dangane da maganin Tibet), wanda ke tsarawa
duk matakai a cikin jiki.
Ragewar tsarin Rlung a hankali yana haifar da tsufa na jiki,
da kuma amfani da dankali, yana taimakawa wajen kula da ƙarfafawa
na wannan tsarin, jinkirta tsufa. Bugu da ƙari, dankali yana da kaddarorin
antidepressant da kuma taimaka jiki murmurewa daga danniya.
Bugu da ƙari, ana la’akari da ma’aunin rigakafi don rashin barci.
Har ila yau, dankali yana da tasiri mai kyau akan aikin tsarin zuciya.
da tsarin narkewar abinci.
Yawancin lokaci ana cire dankali daga adadin kayan lambu masu lafiya, saboda
Magungunan gabas suna rarraba shi a matsayin samfurin “mai shakatawa”, wato
wadanda ke rage karfin metabolism. A gaskiya ma, yana da sauƙi don ramawa.
ƙara “zafi” baki da gishiri ja zuwa dankali
barkono, tafarnuwa, dill, ko ghee.
A cikin likitancin Tibet, an yi imani da cewa “cututtuka yana shiga cikin jiki kuma
yana fitowa daga cikinta ta fata. “Fita” daga cutar yawanci yana tare da shi
kumburi da fata, wanda za a iya bi da tare da bakin ciki yanka
chunks na dankali. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da danyen dankali a cikin yanayin
digiri na farko da na biyu ya kone.
A cikin binciken kimiyya
Dankali ya daɗe kuma har yanzu wani abu ne na binciken kimiyya.
bincike ta bangarori daban-daban. Wannan sha’awar ta kasance saboda gaskiyar
cewa dankalin turawa samfurin ne wanda zai iya samar da miliyoyin mutane
Abinci da hadadden tsari na abubuwa masu amfani akan ƙaramin farashi.
Masu bincike suna nazarin hanyoyin da za a inganta hanyoyin dasa shuki,
girma, girbi da adana dankali, hanyoyin ci gaba
zaɓin dankalin turawa don wasu hanyoyin girma, zaɓi
fasahohin da suka dace da muhalli don kariya daga kwayoyin cutarwa
da pathogens.
Har ila yau, ana nazarin dankali sosai a cikin magani. Gwaje-gwajen da aka gabatar
a cikin aladu, ya taimaka kafa danye ko zafi-magani
kuma cinye dankalin sanyi yana da tasiri mai amfani akan
hanji da kuma karfafa garkuwar jiki.… Hakanan Amurka
Masana kimiyya sun kirkiro dankalin ‘zinariya’ iri-iri, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙari
adadin bitamin da ma’adanai. Don haka, yana bayar da kusan 42%
Darajar yau da kullun na Vitamin A da 34% Vitamin E ga Yaro..
Ana shirin kawo wannan nau’in zuwa kasashe masu tasowa, inda mutane
suna fama da rashin abinci mai kyau da lafiya.
Masu binciken sun kuma kammala da cewa kwayar cutar da ke faruwa akai-akai
yana shafar bushes dankalin turawa, yayi kama da daya daga cikin sunadaran da ke haifar da su
rashin lafiya
Alzheimer ta. Yanzu suna amfani da wannan kamanni don ƙirƙirar
ƙwayoyin rigakafi waɗanda zasu taimaka aƙalla rage saurin farawa
rashin lafiya.… Har ila yau, Amirkawa sun yi imani da cewa purple
dankalin turawa na taimakawa wajen kashe kwayar cutar daji a cikin kauri
hanji. Gwaje-gwaje a cikin ɓeraye sun nuna cewa gasa shuɗi
dankali yana kawar da kumburi kuma yana hana ci gaban ƙari..
Daga sharar da aka samu a lokacin sarrafa dankali.
samun ethyl barasa, amma Rasha masana kimiyya magana game da yiwuwar
Sourcing da sauran ingancin antimicrobial jamiái..
A ƙarshe, a Burtaniya, an fara amfani da sitacin dankalin turawa.
domin samar da biodegradable fiberboard na matsakaici
yawa (MDF), bambanta da babban matakin abokantaka na muhalli..
A cikin ilimin abinci
Duk da cewa dankali shagaltar da wani shahararren wuri a tsakanin
kayan lambu mafi girma na kalori, wanda ba a yi la’akari da shi azaman samfurin da aka haramta ba
ga mutanen da ke kallon siffar ku. Masana kimiyya na kasa
Cibiyar Abinci ta Amurka ta gudanar da wani bincike kuma ta gano cewa saboda
babban adadin potassium a cikin abun da ke ciki, dankali yana samarwa
kawar da ruwa mai yawa daga jiki kuma ta haka yana iya ma
kai ga asarar karin fam.
Matsalolin kiba suna tasowa ne kawai idan dankali
a ci soyayye ko kayan yaji da miya mai kitse. A cikin tafasasshen,
dankalin da aka dafa ko gasa zai iya zama tushe
wanke abinci, idan maimakon kifi da nama kuna amfani da shi tare da wasu
kayan lambu da kayan yaji.
Domin dankali yayi dadi
da darajar sinadirai masu yawa, mai arziki a cikin bitamin da ma’adanai, sauƙi
digestible, ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin yara da masu ilimin abinci.
abinci mai gina jiki. Yawancin lokaci ana ba da shawarar dankali ga marasa lafiya tare da gazawar koda.
rashin isa, cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, arterial
hauhawar jini, atherosclerosis,
cututtuka na ciki. Duk da haka, ba a ba da shawarar dankali ga mutane ba.
fama da matsanancin nau’in ciwon sukari mellitus da kiba..
A cikin dafa abinci
Dankali kayan lambu iri-iri ne da ake amfani da su wajen dafa abinci.
girke-girke a duniya. Dankali wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin miya.
da ado mai kyau. Bugu da ƙari, an saka shi a cikin salads, empanadas, nama.
jita-jita, bisa shi, ana yin pancakes dankalin turawa. Dafa dankali yana da sauƙi.
Duka da kanta da kuma wani ɓangare na jita-jita daban-daban, ana dafa shi akai-akai.
stew ko gasa a cikin tanda.
Don yin tasa a matsayin mai dadi sosai, dole ne ku
zabi dankalin da ya dace. Yana da al’ada don raba shi bisa ga girman ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara.
a cikin nau’ikan 4: A, B, C da D. Nau’in A dankali ya ƙunshi mafi ƙarancin sitaci
da dafaffe sosai. An fi amfani da shi don salads.
Nau’in B dankali yana da kyau don yin soyayyen Faransa kuma nau’in dankalin C yana da kyau don soya
soyayyen. Nau’in D shine mafi yawan abinci iri-iri kuma mafi kyau
Ya dace da stews da purees.
Koyaya, yawanci dankalin da aka shigo dashi kawai ake yiwa lakabin.
Idan babu shi, zaku iya lilo ta launi. Ja
nau’ikan papa (“red-tamb”, “roseval”, “sheri”) suna da alaƙa da su
high a cikin antioxidants kuma baya crumble a lokacin dafa abinci.
Waɗannan dankali gabaɗaya suna kiyaye da kyau a cikin hunturu. A cikin fararen iri («erow»,
«Strips», «tsiganka») ya ƙunshi mai yawa bitamin C kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin,
irin wannan dankalin tafasa sosai. Yellow iri (“symphony”,
‘Rosalind’, ‘adretta’) suna da wadata a cikin carotene kuma suna riƙe da siffar su lokacin
Dafa abinci.
Haɗuwa da sauran samfuran
A cewar masu goyon bayan cin abinci mai kyau, haɗin gwiwar gargajiya
Ba a yarda da dankali da nama, kifi ko qwai. An yi imani da cewa
Abincin sitaci ba sa haɗuwa da furotin na dabba. Sannan,
don narkewar dankali, jiki yana ɓoye enzymes na alkaline,
wanda ake narkar da shi ta hanyar hydrochloric acid da ciki ke samarwa
don sarrafa nama. Saboda haka, abinci bai cika narkewa ba
shiga cikin hanji, inda tsarin fermentation zai iya farawa tare da aiki
sakin gubobi.
Haɗin dankali tare da kayan lambu ana ɗaukar lafiya da amfani.
man shanu, kirim mai tsami, cuku, kayan lambu da legumes.
abubuwan sha
Abubuwan sha na dankalin turawa suna da takamaiman dandano, amma ana la’akari dasu
matukar amfani ga jiki. Danyen ruwan dankalin turawa da dankalin turawa
Ana ba da shawarar shan broth a matsayin magani don cututtuka daban-daban.
Ana saka Beets, seleri, ko karas a cikin ruwan dankalin turawa.
Bugu da ƙari, an shirya abin sha na gargajiya daga tubers – na halitta
rayuwa kvass. Tare da ƙari na oatmeal, ana iya shirya dankali.
ko da jelly,
wanda ake la’akari da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta.
Haɗari kaddarorin dankali da contraindications
Duk da keɓaɓɓen amfani da mahimmancin dankali a ciki
Abincin abinci, zaku iya amfani da shi kawai tare da wasu sharuɗɗa:
- Tushen dankalin turawa kawai yakamata a ci, tunda
na sama na daji (mai tushe, ganye, furanni da ‘ya’yan itatuwa) ya ƙunshi
alkaloid solanine, wanda zai iya cutar da jiki; - Green da sprouted dankali kada su fada cikin
abinci don yawan guba; - Za a iya dafa ruwan ‘ya’yan itacen dankalin turawa har zuwa Fabrairu a ƙarshe,
tun bayan wannan, solanine ya fara taruwa a cikin tubers da kansu da kuma cikin fata; - yayin dafa dankali a zazzabi na digiri 120 da
abin da ke sama shine amino acid asparagine da ke cikin abun da ke ciki
ya zama carcinogen acrylamide, don haka
duk wata hanyar maganin zafi banda soya ya fi dacewa; - dankali ba a ba da shawarar ga masu kiba;
- Ya kamata a yi amfani da dankali tare da taka tsantsan ga marasa lafiya masu fama da ciwon sukari mai tsanani.
Mun tattara mahimman bayanai game da fa’idodi da haɗarin dankali.
a cikin wannan misalin kuma za mu yi godiya sosai idan kun raba
hoto a shafukan sada zumunta, tare da hanyar haɗi zuwa shafinmu:
bayanai na sha’awa
Bayan shiga Turai, dankali bai sami farin jini nan da nan ba.
daga cikin manoma. Sun dade suna zargin haka.
shuka saboda an dauke shi guba. A cewar labari, don shawo kan
talakawansa, Sarkin Prussia, Frederick the Great ya ba da umarnin sauka
dankali kusa da gidan sarautarsa ya sanya mai gadin kwana kusa da shi.
Tunanin cewa sojoji suna gadin wani abu mai daraja ne, manoman suka yi tafiyar dare.
zuwa gidan sarauta kuma ya sace gonakin. Wannan “jama’a” ya ba da gudummawa ga
rarraba dankali ga mazauna yankin.
A Faransa, dankali ya dade yana taka rawa a matsayin tsire-tsire na ado.
kuma ya girma na musamman a cikin lambunan tsirrai. Matan Saƙa High Society
furannin dankalin turawa a gashinta, kuma maza suna sanya su a cikin boutonnieres. An gwada
ainihin iko don gabatar da shuka a cikin rayuwar noma
Sai ya zama gazawa. Sai kawai a cikin XNUMXth karni, agronomist da kuma Pharmacist Antoine
Parmentier ya yi nasarar shawo kan juriyar jama’a a hankali. Wannan
sadaukar da kansa ga popularization dankali, shirya dinners a cikin abin da
sun yi wa baƙi abinci da dankalin turawa. To, shi ne ya yi babban rabo
fara shuka dankali a matsayin amfanin gona na kayan lambu.
… Jama’a kuma sun sami bayyanar cikin tsoro da rashin yarda
sababbin al’adu. An kira dankalin “apple mai jini” da “‘ya’yan itace
karuwai ‘, da Tsoffin Muminai’ masu wa’azi kawai hana namo na
wannan shuka ce. Duk da haka, hukumomi sun dauki matakan tashin hankali tare da tilastawa
manoma don shuka kayan lambu “m”. A sakamakon haka, a tsakiya
A karni na XNUMX, an yi tashe-tashen hankula masu tarin yawa a fadin kasar, inda suka samu
sunan “hargitsin dankalin turawa.”
Abin sha’awa, kawai shekaru 50 bayan “dankali”.
tarzoma’, a zamanin gwal, a Alaska, an daraja dankali
Masu haƙa na zinariya sun cancanci nauyinsu da zinariya. Kuma duk saboda dankalin turawa tubers
suna da darajar sinadirai masu yawa kuma suna da wadata a cikin bitamin C, wanda
ya taimaka wa masu fafutuka yaƙar scurvy
da sauran cututtuka.
Sun san abubuwa da yawa game da dankali a Ireland, inda wannan tushen amfanin gona ya zama babba.
kayan abinci na manoma a cikin karni na XNUMX. Bugu da kari, yawan jama’a
kasar ta dogara da wannan kayan lambu mai arha har amfanin gona ya gaza.
Cutar da aka shigo da ita daga Amurka ta haifar da bala’i na gaske.
Kasar Ireland ta fuskanci bala’in yunwar Dankali, wanda ya kai ga mutuwa
mutane miliyan daya. Kimanin ƙarin mutane miliyan ɗaya suka tafi
kasar, gudun rashin abinci..
Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake cewa “dankali
kuma aure abu biyu ne da ba za a iya wasa da su ba.
.… Suna kuma son dankali a Jamus, inda akwai analog na Rashanci.
karin magana “wawa sun yi sa’a.” Jamusawa sukan ce ‘a mafi wauta lokacin
manoma su ne manyan dankali. Kuma a cikin Rashanci akwai
Maganar “tebur ba dankali kamar biki ba tare da accordion.”
Sun raira waƙa da kuma m dankali ba kawai a cikin jama’a art.
Don haka, alal misali, masu zane-zane da yawa sun wakilci a cikin zane-zanensu suna bunƙasa
filayen dankalin turawa, tsarin dasa shuki da girbi dankali har ma da tsari
cin shi. Ko da Vincent Van Gogh bai manta da wannan batu ba, wanda
akwai jerin zane-zane iri-iri: “Masu Ci Dankali”, “Mace Digging
dankali “da” Kwandon Dankali”.
Bugu da ƙari, an rubuta waƙoƙi da waƙoƙi game da dankali. Misali,
a cikin fim din “Breakfast on the Grass” waƙar “Dankali” (kiɗa ta V. Shainsky,
lyrics by M. Lvovsky), kuma Vladimir Vysotsky ya rera nasa waƙa
“Abokan kimiyya.” Bi da bi, mawãƙi Ivan Demyanov ya rubuta game da
wakar yara Paparoma:
Cewa tafin hannuna baki ne
Babu wanda ya zage ni.
Tare da dankalin kaka
Muna dasa kusa da shinge!
Ba da da ewa a nan a kan m gangara
Inda rumfar ta dumama gefenta.
Yawancin bakuna na kore
Ana iya ɗaure shi a kan tudu.
Bayan rawaya, fari, shuɗi
Za a kunna fitilu –
Za su yi kyau sosai
Gadajenmu a bakin kogi!
Cewa tafin hannuna yayi datti
Na riga na saba yin aiki…
Kuma babu dadi dankalin turawa
Cewa za ku dasa kan tudu!
Muhimmancin dankalin turawa a rayuwarmu shine mafi kyawun shaida
gidajen tarihi da bukukuwa da yawa da aka sadaukar masa. Kuma ana bikin ranar 30 ga Mayu
Ranar Dankali ta Duniya. Hakanan a duk faɗin duniya mutane suna bayyana
Ƙaunar wannan shuka, ta kafa abubuwan tunawa da ita:
Bugu da kari, a shekarar 1995, dankalin turawa ya zama na farko kayan lambu amfanin gona.
wanda aka dauke a cikin sifili nauyi – a kan jirgin sama «Columbia».
Amma a kasa, masu kiwo ba sa zaman banza. Suka yi nasarar janyewa
Wani nau’in dankalin turawa mai laushi kuma mai laushi mai suna ‘La Bonnotte’.
Ko da yake, bisa ga almara, wannan dankalin turawa ya tashi daga wurin babban allah na Incas.
“La Bonnotte” ana shuka shi kuma ana girbe shi da hannu kawai kuma babu ƙari
100 ton a kowace shekara. Kuma farashin kilogram na irin wannan abincin ya kai
500 Tarayyar Turai.
Bayanin Botanical
Maganar Botanical, dankali shine tsire-tsire na tuberous na perennial.
shuka na dangin nightshade. Amma a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum, dankali
Yawancin lokaci ana kiransa “gurasa ta biyu” saboda, tare da alkama.
shinkafa, masara
da kuma sukari, yana daya daga cikin biyar mafi mahimmanci
al’adu a duniya[1,2].
Historia
Tarihin dankali ya samo asali fiye da shekaru dubu, kuma masana kimiyya sun yi imani
cewa a karon farko nau’in daji na wannan shuka ya fara ci da yawa
a cikin karni na XNUMX BC, mutanen Indiyawa da ke zaune a kudu
Amurka. Ba a san tabbas yaushe da yadda dankalin ya bar ƙasarsu ba.
amma an yi imanin cewa ta isa Turai ta yankin Iberian Peninsula
da tsibirin Biritaniya a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX...
A cikin Spain, kuma musamman a Ireland, dankali da sauri ya taurare.
tushen abincin mazauna gida, duk da haka, a cikin sauran Turai ba ta yi amfani da ita ba
babban shaharar da aka dade ana la’akari da halittar hannun shaidan.
Koyaya, bayanin kan ainihin ƙimar dankali har yanzu
yada cikin lokaci a ko’ina cikin Tsohon Duniya kuma, sabanin asali
rashin yarda, sun fara noma suna cinye shi a Jamus, Holland,
Belgium, Faransa da sauran kasashen Turai.
Na farko wanda, a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX, ya kwatanta dankalin turawa kuma ya sanya shi
sunan kimiyya na zamani Solanum tuberosum
(Latin tuberous nightshade), ya zama Kaspar dan kasar Switzerland
Baugin.… Amma ga kowa sunan dankali,
sannan ya bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Don haka, alal misali, Rashanci
sunan “Paparoma” ya fito ne daga kalmar Jamusanci “kartoffel”,
wanda kuma aka ciro daga harshen Italiyanci.
A Italiya, ana kiran dankalin turawa “tartufoli” ta hanyar kwatance tare da truffle (shi.
Tartufo), tun da tubers, kamar truffle tubers,
suna karkashin kasa.
Sunan Ingilishi “dankali” ya fito ne daga kalmar Mutanen Espanya “dankali.”
Mutanen Espanya kuwa, sun karɓi sunan Indiyawa, suna haɗawa
kalmominsa ‘baba’ (dankali) da ‘batata’ (mai dadi
dankali). A Faransa, har yanzu ana kiran dankali ‘pomme de terre’.
(fr. appley apple)..
Rabawa
Tun da dankali tsire-tsire ne marasa ma’ana, ana iya girma
a cikin ƙasa na nau’i-nau’i iri-iri, ba tare da la’akari da halaye ba
yanayin yanayi da yanayin zafi.… Shi ya sa
fiye da kasashe dari a duniya an sadaukar da su don noman wannan al’ada
tare da yanayin yanayi, subtropical da na wurare masu zafi sauyin yanayi. Duk da haka, don samun
wani high quality girbi, kana bukatar ka san abin da iri-iri ya dace
don ƙasa da yanayin yanayi na wani yanki na musamman.
Akwai nau’ikan dankali da yawa (kimanin 4000), kama daga
na nau’ikan daji daban-daban a Kudancin Amurka da ƙarewa
nau’in a hankali kiwo ta hanyar kiwo. Yawanci rabuwa
Ana yin nau’ikan ta nau’ikan bisa ga lokacin maturation:
70-80 kwanaki (farkon ripening), 90-120 kwanaki (matsakaicin ripening), 140-150 days
(lafiya ripening)..
Baya ga irin waɗannan shahararrun nau’ikan kamar Adretta, Riviera, Amurka
ko Granada, wanda ya dace da ra’ayoyin gargajiya game da
bayyanar dankalin turawa (fatar launin ruwan kasa da launin rawaya
ɓangaren litattafan almara), akwai kuma nau’ikan da ba a saba gani ba tare da ɓangaren litattafan almara
ko wani bambance-bambancen launi na waje. Misali, nau’in dankalin turawa Vitelotte
kalar naman kalar purple purple, da duk shudin dankalin su
fata da ɓangaren litattafan almara shuɗi ne. An bambanta nau’in bikini da sabon abu
ja-yellow bawo, Christina ta tubers da kwasfa
Dankalin ja ne mai zurfi kuma dankalin Shetland baki ne a waje.
Peculiarities na girma
Ana daukar dankali a matsayin tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara a ƙasarsu ta kudu.
Amurka, wanda galibi ana samunsa a cikin daji. Duk da haka, a Turai
a matsayin shuka na shekara-shekara. Dangane da iri-iri, daji dankalin turawa.
Yana iya kaiwa 30 zuwa 150 cm tsayi kuma yana da 4 zuwa 8 mai tushe.
Launin ganye ya bambanta daga haske kore zuwa duhu kore tare da
tint pardusco.… Tukwici na mai tushe yawanci suna da ƙananan
inflorescences fari, ruwan hoda ko lilac, dangane da
iri.
Kusa da kaka, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna samuwa a kan daji – ƙananan berries na jiki
kore da fari. Kofuna da berries suna dauke da sinadarin solanine mai guba,
wanda ke ba da kariya ga shuka daga cututtuka masu cutarwa da kwari. Tubers
ana samun ci a karkashin kasa. Waje
dankali yana da abin da ake kira idanu (yolks 3 zuwa 15 a cikin a
tuber), wanda daga baya ci gaba zuwa matasa harbe. Dankali
Ana iya shuka shi a kowane fili, a cikin greenhouses har ma a cikin tukwane.
Lokacin shuka wannan shuka ya dogara da maturation na tubers.
Yawancin nau’ikan farko ana shuka su ne lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa 10 ° C.
ko da yake wasu lambu suna zaɓar kwanaki don shuka dankali bisa ga
Kalandar wata. Duk da haka, sun fara shirya kayan dasa shuki.
30-40 kwanaki kafin saukarwa. tubers masu girman kwai, zaba
ko da a cikin kaka, warwatse a ƙasa ko shirya a cikin Layer guda a cikin kwalaye
kuma ana adana shi a zazzabi na 12-15 ° C, koyaushe a cikin haske mai haske
gumi
Dasa dankali da kanta ana iya yin ta ta hanyoyi daban-daban a
dangane da yawan ƙasa. A cikin yanayin zafi da haske
ƙasa mara kyau don dankali don huda ramuka, yayin da yake jika
sauyin yanayi a cikin m ƙasa a karkashin dankali, yanke combs, kiwon da shuka
sama da matakin ƙasa. Wani lokaci ana amfani da yaduwar iri.
Don yin wannan, ɗauki tsaba na cikakke dankali da dasa su.
a cikin kwalaye, barin a wuri mai haske. Seedlings 13-15 cm tsayi.
dashi a farkon watan Mayu.
Noman dankalin turawa koyaushe yana tare da sarrafa kwari.
Colorado dankalin turawa irin ƙwaro da wireworm tabbataccen annoba ne na shuka dankalin turawa.
Larvae da manya na Colorado dankalin turawa ƙwaro suna ci kamar ganyen dankalin turawa.
daji da tubers kansu. Amma ga wireworm, hadarin
yana wakiltar tsutsa na wannan kwari ne kawai, wanda ke ci
Tushen da tubers, wanda ke haifar da wilting da lalata shuka. Domin
don kawar da waɗannan kwari dole ne a yi amfani da sinadarai.
Zabi da ajiya
Kada ka ɗauki kore ko riga sprouted dankali, a ciki.
ya ƙunshi alkaloids waɗanda ke haifar da guba. Karami
ramuka, zurfin ramuka da launin ruwan kasa suna nuna hakan
cewa dankalin da aka fallasa ga kwari. Quality dankali
dole ne ya kasance mai ƙarfi kuma mai roba ba tare da lalacewa ko lahani na waje ba.
Idan dankalin turawa ya fadi ga matsa lamba na ƙusa kuma ya fara zubar
ruwa, nitrates an fi amfani dashi a cikin al’ada.
Kuma lokacin da kuka huda fatar dankalin turawa mai kyau mara maganin kwari da farcen hannu
Za ku ji sauti mai haske.
Idan kana buƙatar zaɓar dankali don ajiyar hunturu, to za su yi.
matsakaici da marigayi maturing iri. Hakanan yana da daraja biya
kula da girman tushen amfanin gona. Matsakaici da ƙananan tubers sun ƙunshi
karin abubuwan gina jiki. Har ila yau, kauri daga cikin fata ya dogara da
balagaggen dankalin turawa: idan ya yi kauri, dankalin ya kara girma
kuma mafi kyau ya kamata a adana shi. Bawon da bushe
An fi kiyaye tubers a 2-7 ° C. Hakanan dankali
wajibi ne a yi oda lokaci zuwa lokaci, kawar da ruɓaɓɓen amfanin gona,
don hana yaduwar kamuwa da cuta.
