Noman cucumbers a cikin bude ƙasa yana da halaye na kansa. Yawan aiki ya dogara sosai akan yanayin yanayi, don haka kare amfanin gonakin daji daga lalacewar rana ko sanyi yakan zama babban aiki. Kula da cucumbers a fili yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka masu yawa waɗanda tsuntsaye da kwari ke yadawa.
Dokokin girma cucumbers a cikin bude ƙasa
Shiri na yankin da aka dasa
Zabi wuri
Kafin fara shuka tsaba na kokwamba ko tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa buɗe dole ne a zaɓi ƙasa daidai, la’akari da buƙatun da kayan lambu ke yi don noma.
Yankin da aka shuka don cucumbers ya kamata a kasance a cikin wani wuri da aka kiyaye shi daga iskõki, hasken rana ya isa, saman ƙasan ƙasa ya kasance ko da.
Hanya na biyu Lokacin haɓaka ƙasa don dasa cucumbers, ana ba da shawarar yin nazarin shi don wucewar sa a cikin ruwan ƙasa da nau’in acidity, tunda nau’in cucumber ba sa girma sosai a cikin ƙasa mai acidic.
Kawo matakin acidity a cikin yadudduka na ƙasa zuwa matakin da ake so yana taimakawa gabatar da farar ƙasa da garin dolomite.
Na uku, in ban da sakamakon aikin gona mai haɗari, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin da magabata waɗanda ba su dace da ciyar da noman kokwamba ba ba za su yi girma da wuri ba. Cucumbers suna girma sosai tsakanin dasa tumatir da beets.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Lokacin zabar wurin da za a shuka amfanin gona na kokwamba a nan gaba, ana buƙatar ayyukan shirye-shiryen ƙasa daban-daban.Za ku iya samun girbi mai kyau kawai akan ƙasa maras alkaline, haske da ƙasa mai yawa, don haka ƙwararrun lambu sun fara shirya wurin da za a shuka a cikin bazara daga bazara. kaka:
- Wurin da aka shuka yana kawar da tsofaffin ciyayi, da kuma tarkacen lambu, kuma masana suna ƙoƙarin shuka cucumber a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa kafin farkon damina na kaka don guje wa bayyanar ciyawar da ta rage a ƙasa mai ɗanɗano.
- Bayan tsaftacewa, an tona ƙasa yayin da takin ƙasa m neralnymi qagaggun. Zurfin tono ƙasa ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 15 cm. Yawancin mazauna rani ba za su iya yin ba tare da padding ba.
- Lokacin da bazara ya zo, ana sassaukar da ƙasa kuma ana cire ciyayi masu tasowa, ta hanyar amfani da noma ko rake. Sakewa yana taimakawa wajen adana danshin da aka tara a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya zama dole don shuka a gaba. Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki tsaba da seedlings na kokwamba, an daidaita ƙasa. Ana yin hakan ne domin a sauƙaƙe tsaba suyi girma a cikin ƙasa ba tare da lumps ba, kuma tsiron ya sami tushe a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, yana haɓaka tushen harbe.
Tsaba
Mataki na Shirye-shiryen kayan iri yana da mahimmanci, saboda ya dogara da ingancin tsaba ko cucumbers na gaba za su yi tushe a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, yadda za su tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari, da kuma ko za su iya rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin canjin yanayi.
Ana shuka iri don girma cucumbers a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa lafiya, ba tare da lahani na waje ba kuma tare da ƙimar germination cikin kashi 90%.
Nunawa
Irin nau’in kokwamba da suka dace da dasa shuki a cikin buɗe ƙasa ana watsar da su kuma ana daidaita su. Ana yin wannan sauƙi ta hanyar nutsar da kayan a cikin wani bayani tare da sodium chloride, abin da maida hankali ne 3%. Ka’idar wannan hanyar kin amincewa ita ce amfani da tsaba da suka nutse zuwa kasan tanki. Duk kayan iri da suka tashi zuwa saman ruwan ana cire su azaman lahani.
Tsarin aiki
Ana ba da shawarar iri da aka zaɓa sakamakon ƙin yarda da su tare da shirye-shiryen rigakafin cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cuta. A matsayin kayan aiki mai dacewa, masu lambu sukan fi son amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Fentyuram. Yana buƙatar 0,4 g ga kowane kilogiram 5 na iri. Bayan sarrafawa, ana aika tsaba zuwa tanda na kimanin awa 1 don taurin zafi a zafin jiki na akalla 70 ° C.
Shuka a cikin bude ƙasa
Shuka tsaba a cikin bude ƙasa bayan duk sanyi
Kuna iya dasa cucumbers a cikin buɗaɗɗen gado a matsayin tsaba kuma an riga an girma seedlings. A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci a yi la’akari da yanayin: farkon-ripening iri sun dace da wuraren sanyi, kuma f1 hybrids na marigayi-ripening na iya zama mai girma a ciki. yankuna masu dumama duk lokacin da aka girma akan sikelin masana’antu kuma a cikin iyakataccen sarari na ɗakunan rani.
Hanyar iri
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin gado mara kariya lokacin da yanayi ya fara farawa kuma sanyi na ƙarshe na safiya ya wuce. Ya kamata a yi zafi da ƙasa Layer zuwa zafin jiki na akalla 15 ° C. Dangane da digiri na dumama ƙasa, nawa haɗarin ruɓar kayan iri zai yiwu.
Lokacin farawa shuka ya bambanta dangane da yankin girma na kayan lambu. A cikin yankunan da ke da yanayi mai sanyi, mazauna rani suna fara shuka f1 hybrids ba a farkon watan Mayu ba, a wasu lokuta har ma a farkon Yuni. Masu lambu na Kudancin suna shuka nau’in kokwamba bayan tsakiyar Afrilu.
Domin kowane murabba’in 1. m yanki na noma gabaɗaya ya bar kusan 50 g na busassun tsaba kokwamba. Idan tsaba germinated kafin dasa, adadin su da murabba’in mita an rage da rabi.
Distance
Mafi kyawun nisa tsakanin seedlings na gaba shine 12 cm zuwa 15 cm. Ana girmama shi don hana cututtuka. taso saboda rashin samun iska na matasa harbe. Har ila yau, zai zama sauƙi don kula da su.
Kariya
A mataki na farko, kayan lambu da aka dasa da tsaba za a iya kiyaye su daga tasirin muhalli ta hanyar mulching, wanda aka ba da shawarar ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta (fermented taki, peat, humus ko takin cubed), da kuma rufe da polypropylene fiber.
Hanyar seedling
Shuka na horar da kokwamba seedlings fara ne kawai bayan karshen safiya lokacin sanyi. Shuka seedlings tare da isasshen koren taro a daidai nisa da shuka iri.
A cikin yanayin girma cucumbers a cikin yankuna tare da yanayin sanyi, tsire-tsire galibi suna jinkiri na dogon lokaci a cikin ɗakin, tunda ba a zafi da zafin da ake buƙata. Zazzabi na ƙasa ba ya ƙyale dasawa na tsire-tsire matasa zuwa titi. Wani lokaci furanni na farko suna fara bayyana akan seedlings a wannan lokacin. An cire su, saboda a wannan mataki shuka yana buƙatar babban adadin ƙarfi don haɓaka sassan ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma tsarin fure ya hana shi.
Bugu da ƙari, lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, yana jinkirta tsarin daidaitawar shuka zuwa sababbin yanayi, tsire-tsire masu fure suna da tushe a titi mafi muni.
Seedling namo
Don hanyar seedling na dasa cucumbers a cikin bude ƙasa, kuna buƙatar girma seedlings na kokwamba.
Kayan aiki
Ana amfani da kwantena seedling don girma kokwamba seedlings: kwantena cike da sako-sako da substrate, wadãtar da gina jiki ma’adinai aka gyara.
A yau suna samun shaharar tsire-tsire ta hannu ta zamani tare da aikin dumama.
Peat tubalan tare da sel daban kuma sun dace da girma seedlings kokwamba. Da farko ana jika su sannan ana shuka tsaba na cucumber a kowane daki.
Filastik tankin shuka yana buƙatar magudanar ruwa
Don dasa tsaba, kofuna masu sauƙi na filastik ko wasu kwantena filastik ma sun dace. Wani muhimmin yanayin don amfani da irin waɗannan kwantena shine kasancewar magudanar ruwa, wanda aka ajiye daga duk wani abu mai shayarwa, alal misali, yumbu mai fadi, vermiculite. Wasu mazauna yankunan rani na yankunan kudu suna amfani da husk na tsaba sunflower a matsayin abin sha.
cakuda ƙasa
Lokacin da ake girma seedlingsan kokwamba don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙasa, bisa ga halaye masu kama da wanda za’a shuka amfanin gona na kayan lambu daga baya a wurin dasa. Wannan zai ba da damar shuka kokwamba don sauri ta hanyar daidaitawa akan titi.
Kuna iya shirya cakuda ƙasa na gida ta hanyar haɗa ciyawa, peat, da yashi daidai gwargwado.
Shuka
Shuka tsaba da aka shirya don dasa shuki zuwa zurfin bai wuce 1-2 cm ba. Yawan tsaba kokwamba a kowace akwati guda 2 ne.
Cuidado
Bayan kula da germinating tsaba kokwamba ya haɗa da kiyaye yawan zafin jiki da ake buƙata a matakin da bai ƙasa da 18-21 ° C ba har sai farkon seedlings ya bayyana. Tare da farkon sprouts, kwantena tare da kokwamba seedlings ana canjawa wuri zuwa mai sanyaya (15 ° C), wanda ya hana matasa tsirran a kan-janye. Ana cire harbe masu cutar nan da nan kuma ana kula da sauran tsire-tsire tare da fungicides azaman ma’aunin rigakafi.
Haske mai kyau yana taimakawa tsire-tsire kokwamba don samar da tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi, wanda ke da mahimmanci don dasawa daga baya a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Ana bada shawara don shayar da matasan seedlings da ruwan dumi. Ana fesa tsire-tsire da safe.
Kula da shuka
Lokacin da tsire-tsire na farko suka tsiro daga tsaba ko kuma lokacin da aka dasa tsire-tsire zuwa yanayin waje, kula da shuka kokwamba ya haɗa da kulawa da zafi, shayarwa, abinci mai gina jiki, kariya daga kwari da cututtuka, da sauransu.
Danshi da ban ruwa
Alamun zafi sun dogara da matakin ci gaban shuka:
- a farkon lokacin girma, ana kiyaye zafi a 60-70%;
- a matakin ‘ya’yan itace – kusan 80%;
- a mataki na karshe na ciyayi – 75-80%.
Lokacin da aka girma cucumbers a cikin sararin sama, babban ban ruwa na tsire-tsire yana raguwa zuwa ruwan sama. Koyaya, a lokacin bazara ana buƙatar ƙarin zafi. Ana yin shayarwa ba fiye da sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 8-10 ba, amma a cikin watanni masu zafi, a cikin bushewar yanayi, ya kamata a shayar da shuka kokwamba sau 1 a cikin kwanaki 5.
Alimentos
Ana gabatar da abinci mai gina jiki na ma’adinai a duk lokacin girma. Tufafin farko na farko yana faruwa akan ganye 2-3 na farko kuma ya haɗa da jikewar ƙasa tare da abun da ke ɗauke da nitrogen. Yi shi a cikin adadin kilogiram 1.5 na abun da ke cikin ma’adinai don kowane murabba’in murabba’in 10. m yanki na noma.
Wasu mutane suna amfani da infusions na mullein, burodi ko ganyaye don ciyar da shuka kokwamba, canza ma’adanai tare da kwayoyin halitta.
Ciyarwar ta biyu tana faruwa a matakin samar da tsari na gefe kuma yana buƙatar gabatarwar potassium tare da nitrogen. Ana amfani da takin potassium da takin nitrogen a cikin adadin kilogiram 2 na ma’adinai a kowace murabba’in murabba’in 8-10. m yankin da aka dasa.
Tsoka da tsunkule
Samuwar daji na cucumber ya ƙunshi manyan fasaha guda biyu:
- Don tsunkule. Shafukan da aka kafa suna gudana tare da net ko trellis, suna ɗaure su zuwa tallafi yayin da daji ke tsiro, sannan a datse babban tushe da zaran ya isa gindin trellis, cire takarda 3 na farko tare da nono da furanni na maza.
- Wannan hanya don kawar da ƙarin matakai na gefe yana taimakawa wajen samun amfanin gona a baya. Koyaya, yawancin mazauna lokacin bazara waɗanda suke shuka cucumbers a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa tare da ƙimar haihuwa mai yawa ba sa neman tsinkewa. Idan kuna son yin gwaji tare da adadin girbi, zaku iya cire ɓangarorin gefen da ba su da ‘ya’ya, waɗanda ke girma bayan ganye na 4-5 na farko.
