Dasa kabeji a cikin bude ƙasa lamari ne mai alhakin da ke buƙatar kulawa da daidaito. Da dandano da gabatar da kayan lambu ya dogara da wannan.
Dasa shuki na kabeji a cikin bude ƙasa
Yadda ake girma seedlings daga iri
Kafin dasa kabeji a cikin ƙasa, kuna buƙatar shuka seedlings da kyau daga iri. Halayen fasaha sun dogara da nau’in kabeji, yanayin yanayi da yankin.
A cikin Urals, zaku iya shuka tsaba a farkon zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu. A kudu, ana shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu.
Kabeji yana girma ta hanyar seedlings.Tsarin yana son sanyi da haske, saboda haka, a cikin dakin, tsire-tsire na iya bushewa. Ba shi da ma’ana don shuka kabeji a gida ko a cikin ɗaki.
Tsarin shukar gandun daji
Dasa kabeji a cikin ƙasa ya dogara da yadda amfanin gona ke da kyau.
An ƙirƙiri gidan gandun daji mai sanyi a baranda – akwai haske mai yawa da sanyi fiye da na gida. Zai fi kyau a kai gidan gandun daji zuwa titi da sanya shi a wuraren da dusar ƙanƙara ba ta narke ba tukuna. Akwatin cike da datti. Lokacin dasa shuki tsaba a cikin ƙasa, ana shayar da yawa.
Mataki na gaba shine shigar da bakuna a cikin akwatin sannan kuma tayar da masana’anta ko fim. Ya kamata tsaba su tsiro a cikin kimanin kwanaki 10-15.
Lokacin girma farin kabeji, kana buƙatar ƙirƙirar ƙarin greenhouse. Wannan iri-iri yana ɗaya daga cikin ‘yan kaɗan waɗanda ke tsoron sanyin bazara. Sauran nau’ikan kabeji suna jure yanayin zafi har zuwa 5 ° C.
Seedling kula
Bayan shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa, sprouts suna bayyana a cikin kwanaki 10-13.
Kafin bayyanar ganye 3-4, ana shayar da seedlings akai-akai. Bayan dasa shuki a cikin akwati daban, shirya don shuka a gonar. Shuka kabeji a cikin bude ƙasa ya kamata a gudanar da shi kawai wata daya bayan bayyanar farkon harbe.
Don kada a rikitar da kwanakin, an rubuta ranar shuka iri, da kuma dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen gado a cikin littafin rubutu. Suna kuma yin rikodin manyan matakan girma da kuma hanya mafi kyau don kula da harbe.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Kuna buƙatar shuka kabeji a cikin ƙasa mara kyau, ƙasa mai haske. Don farawa, suna tono gadaje, suna cire tarkacen ciyawa. A lokaci guda, clods na duniya suna murƙushe ta hanyar felu: ta wannan hanyar ya zama cike da oxygen.
Dasa tsire-tsire yadda ya kamata a nesa na 0,5 m daga juna. Tabbas, aunawa tare da mai mulki kuma ba lallai ba ne, ana iya shuka shi da ido tsirara. Zai fi kyau a yi alama a layi mai siffar zigzag akan gado, alamar ramukan da aka tsara a ciki, wato, zana tsarin dasa kusan.
Haƙa ramuka a cikin zurfin kusan 15-20 cm. Kafin dasa kabeji a cikin bude ƙasa tare da tsaba ko seedlings cike da abubuwa masu amfani.
Shirya rijiyoyin don dasa shuki
Bayan watering, an yayyafa shuka da ƙasa
Kafin shuka ciyawar kabeji a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, ana cika ramukan da taki ana yayyafa shi da toka daga sama, sannan a ƙasa. Ƙasar ta ɗan bazuwa, kawai ta rufe toka da taki. Ana shayar da rijiyoyin. Ana buƙatar kusan lita 1 na ruwa kowace rijiya. Idan yanayin yana da dumi da rana, za ku iya hutawa ramukan na sa’o’i da yawa, kuma bayan haka, dasa kabeji a cikin ƙasa mai bude.
Fasahar aikin gona don shuka wannan amfanin gona ya haɗa da amfani da abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka.
Bayan dasa shuki seedlings a cikin ƙasa bude da za’ayi, ana shayar da tsire-tsire akai-akai. Kowane toho yana da lita 1 na ruwa.
Bayan yawan shayarwa, wasu daga cikin ƙasa na iya nutsewa, don haka yana da mahimmanci a ƙara ƙasa don kara ya zauna da ƙarfi a cikin ƙasa.
Wannan shine mataki na karshe na dasa shuki na kabeji a cikin budadden kasa.
Al’adu
Don shuka amfanin gona bai isa ba, tsarin namo dole ne ya kasance tare da kulawa mai kyau.
Takin ciki
Haɗin tsire-tsire yana farawa lokacin da kabeji zai bayyana kusan ganye 7. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da takin gargajiya. Kuna iya amfani da taki ko humus. Don shirya bayani don ciyarwa, ana haxa taki da ruwa a cikin rabo na kusan 1:10. Irin wannan taki ya isa ga kabeji don samar da girbi mai kyau.
Ana iya inganta noman kowane nau’in kabeji a cikin fili ta hanyar shirya taki daga nettles. Ana zuba Nettle da ruwa a zuba a cikin ganga. Lokacin da aka ba da bayani na kwanaki da yawa, ana iya shayar da kabeji.
Watse
Girma kabeji a cikin bude ƙasa yana buƙatar danshin ƙasa na yau da kullun. Sirrin noman shine: yana da kyau a cika fiye da barin shukar bushewa.
Yawan ban ruwa ya dogara da yanayin yanayin yankin girma. A cikin Urals da kuma a cikin yankunan arewa maso gabas, 2-3 waterings a mako ya isa. A kudanci, inda yanayin yake kusan dumi, ana shayar da tsire-tsire kowace rana. Ya kamata ku shayar da tsire-tsire da sassafe ko da yamma.
Saki
Don samun girbi mai kyau, akai-akai loosening ƙasa. Shuka yana matukar son iskar oxygen, kuma wannan kawai yana haɓaka tsarin ci gaba.
Kula da kwaro
Belyanka
Dole ne a cire butterflies
Mafi yawan kwaro na kabeji shine farin malam buɗe ido. Wannan parasite na cin ganyen amfanin gona.
Yin amfani da sinadarai a kan wannan kwaro a lokacin rani ba a so. Ana iya yin hakan ne kawai a wasu lokuta, lokacin da sauran lokaci mai tsawo ya rage kafin girbi.
Tafarnuwa ta yau da kullun tana taimakawa akan Belianka. Idan an lura da akwai fararen malam buɗe ido, sai a ɗauki ɓangarorin tafarnuwa kaɗan, a yayyanka su, sannan a cika su da ruwa. An nace cakuda na kwanaki da yawa. Bayan haka, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna shayar da tincture. Daga aikace-aikacen farko, kwari za su zama ƙarami kaɗan, bayan sun tafi gaba ɗaya.
Aphids
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don magance aphids:
- Karas (ana iya dasa kusa da kabeji).
- Decoction na saman dankali da saman tumatir.
- Tincture na albasa peels.
- Yarrow, celandine da barkono mai zafi tincture.
Yaƙi cututtuka
Cututtukan naman gwari
Shahararrun cututtukan fungal shine sunan keel.Yana shafar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke girma duka a cikin greenhouse da a cikin gadaje masu buɗewa. Cutar ta shafi tushen tsarin kabeji, a hankali yana girma tare da girma, saboda abin da shuka ya daina ciyarwa kuma ya mutu. Kila yana shafar farin kabeji da fari. Ya isa lokaci-lokaci noma ƙasar tare da lemun tsami. Wannan yana ba ku damar hana kamuwa da cutar keel.
Wani cututtukan fungal shine powdery mildew. Cutar ta shafi ko da shuka seedlings. Spots suna bayyana akan ganyen kabeji, to sai a hankali tsire-tsire suna shuɗe kuma su mutu. Hanya mafi kyau don magance wannan cuta ita ce a fesa ‘ya’yan itace da magani mai suna Fitoftorin.
Kwayoyin cuta ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri
Mafi shahararren nau’in cutar shine mosaic. Ganyayyaki suna rufe da aibobi masu launi, shuka a hankali ya mutu.
Yana da kyau a aiwatar da prophylaxis:
- don disinfect seedlings kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude,
- cire wuraren da abin ya shafa,
- gadajen ciyawa, cire ciyawa,
Cutar fusarium wata cuta ce ta kowa. Tsakanin veins, rawaya spots bayyana a kan ganye. Bayan wannan, takardar ta yi duhu kuma ta bushe. Lokacin da alamun farko na irin wannan cutar ta kwayar cuta ta bayyana, ana cire ganyen da ya shafa sannan a fesa tsire-tsire da Benopil da Tecto.
ƙarshe
Noman kabeji baya buƙatar ilimi na musamman da farashin kuɗi. Babban abu shine samar da kulawa mai kyau ga shuke-shuke lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin bude ƙasa, musamman a farkon matakin rayuwa da girma. Dangane da ka’idodin dasa shuki, kowa zai iya girma girbi mai kyau, lafiya da dadi na kawunan kabeji.
