Suruka f1 wani nau’in farin kabeji ne da kamfanin noma na Zedek ke samarwa a manyan kamfanonin noma. Yi la’akari da abubuwa masu ban sha’awa na surukin kabeji da kuma yadda za a shuka wannan iri-iri daidai.
Kabeji bayanin surukai
Bayani iri-iri
An yi rijistar nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan bisa hukuma kimanin shekaru 10 da suka gabata. An yarda da shi a cikin Volga-Vyatka da Yammacin Siberiya. Akwai ingantaccen ra’ayi game da wannan kabeji da ake kira surukar zinariya. Tare da mafi girman yawan aiki, ana girma iri-iri don kasuwancin kasuwanci.
Halayen iri-iri:
- lokacin balaga (lokacin daga farkon germination zuwa cikakken balaga) matsakaici: 120 – 140 days,
- yawan amfanin ƙasa – 570-650 c / ha,
- yawan amfanin ƙasa – kusan 90%,
- mai kyau transportability – lokacin da ake jigilar kabeji ba sa fasa,
- germination rate ne game da 95%,
- jure cututtuka,
- rayuwar shiryayye yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci – watanni 3.
Bayanin shugaban
Haske koren shuwagabannin surukarta akan bangon launin rawaya mai haske, mai zagaye har ma da siffa, mai laushi da ɗanɗano ga taɓawa. Yana auna 2 zuwa 8 kg, mai yawa sosai. Tushen ciki yana ƙarami, na waje ya fi girma kaɗan.
Farantin ganyen kabeji yana da faɗi, yana daɗaɗawa a gefuna, yana ɗan kumbura, ya yi launin kore mai sheki. Rosette na ganye yana ɗan ɗagawa kaɗan.
Gwada kuma amfani
Kabeji na wannan nau’in yana da kyawawan halaye na dandano. Abin dandano yana da dadi, wani lokacin tsami.
Ana cin wannan iri-iri danye, stewed da tsinke. Lokacin da aka yi gishiri, kabeji yana riƙe da kaddarorinsa masu amfani.
Noman Kabeji
Ba tsire-tsire kulawa mai kyau
Tsaba Surukai lambu suna shuka a cikin ƙasa ba a farkon Afrilu ba, suna jiran bayyanar zafi na gaske, ana tura seedlings zuwa ƙasa buɗe bayan kwanaki 55-60.
Ana gudanar da magani na farko na tsaba kamar haka. Kwanaki 10-15 kafin dasa shuki, ya zama dole don fara hardening, don ƙara juriya na seedlings ga cututtuka da cututtuka. Suna ajiye shi har tsawon sa’o’i 5-6 a cikin daki mai kyau don kwanaki da yawa a jere. A ranakun 5-6, seedlings suna ciyar da sa’o’i 2 a rana a baranda, koyaushe suna kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Sauran kwanaki kafin dasa shuki, ba za ku iya dawo da tsaba a cikin gida ba – bari su kasance a baranda koyaushe. A lokacin, shuka zai iya samun ganye na farko.
Ƙasar Kabeji Surukarta tana tattara yumbu, tare da matsakaicin matakin acidity. Zurfin shuka shine 0.5-1 cm bisa ga tsarin 60 × 60 cm. Ana binne tsire-tsire har zuwa ganyen farko. Ya kamata a sa ran harbe na farko ba a baya fiye da mako guda ba. Gabaɗaya girbin yana girma bayan watanni 4.
Seedling kula
Don samun girbi mai arziki da inganci na surukin kabeji, kuna buƙatar bin wasu shawarwari.
- Ban ruwa. Ya kamata ya zama na yau da kullum (domin girman girman kai na kabeji ba ya jinkirta al’ada), amma a cikin ƙananan allurai. Gina jiki na saman m Layer zai taimaka ƙara haihuwa. Ana ɗaukar ruwa don ban ruwa a cikin zafin jiki.
- Hilling. Ana aiwatar da shi sau biyu – makonni 3 bayan shuka kuma bayan ya faru kwanaki 12-15. Don haka, rhizome na shuka yana ƙarfafawa, kuma girman kai yana haɓaka.
- Ciyarwa: Kamar yadda na farko (makonni 2 bayan shuka) zuriyar kaza ko mullein ya dace. Kuna iya amfani da takin mai magani: superphosphate, urea, potassium monophosphate. Bayan wasu kwanaki 15, ana ci gaba da ciyarwa akai-akai, amma ana ƙara adadin takin mai magani. Ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki ya zama dole kawai idan kabeji yana girma a hankali.
- Hilling. Wannan rigakafin ya zama dole don kare shuka daga ciyawa, wanda ke lalata zafi, abubuwan gina jiki da rikitarwa tsarin sarrafawa.
Cututtuka da kwari
Aphids, caterpillars, cruciferous fleas su ne manyan kwari da ke haifar da lalacewa ga tsire-tsire na kabeji. Matsayin lalacewar da suke haifarwa na iya zama daban-daban, daga rinjayar girman kai na kabeji zuwa cikakken lalata amfanin gona. A cikin yaki da aphids zai taimaka broth tafarnuwa, tincture taba. A cikin lita 10 na ruwa, 1-1.5 kilogiram na tafarnuwa minced / taba.
Gabaɗaya ana tattara caterpillars da hannu. Maganin sabulun yana taimakawa sosai akan ƙwanƙolin cruciferous. Wadannan kwari suna haifuwa da sauri, don haka yana da mahimmanci a rubuta duk ƙuma da wuri-wuri.
ƙarshe
Surukai na ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun nau’in farin kabeji. Ta bin duk ka’idodin dasa shuki da kulawa, zaku iya samun girbi mai yawa na manyan samfuran lafiya. Bayanin nau’in nau’in ya nuna cewa yana da kyau ga masu farawa da masu sana’a.
