Kabeji yana da ban sha’awa kuma yana buƙatar kulawa akai-akai, daga lokacin siyan albarkatun ƙasa don dasa shuki. Shirye-shiryen tsaba na kabeji don dasa shuki shine matakin farko na kulawa wanda ke shafar inganci da yawan girbi kai tsaye.
Kabeji iri shiri don dasa shuki seedlings
Me yasa ake jiƙa tsaba kabeji
Shirye-shiryen kayan inganci mai inganci kafin dasa shuki shine garanti na karuwar yawan amfanin ƙasa 20-30%. Jiƙa irin kabeji da ake buƙata don lalata, wanda ke ƙara juriya ga kayan lambu zuwa ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta. Tsire-tsire suna girma lokaci guda kuma suna haɓaka da sauri.
Kafin dasa tsaba na kabeji kafin dasa shuki, yi aikin shiri:
- zabin iri,
- calibration,
- gwajin germination,
- dumama,
- disinfection.
Yadda za a zabi iri
Shiri Ana aiwatar da tsaba na Kabeji bayan zaɓar kayan bisa ga ka’idodi da yawa:
- daraja da iri,
- yankin da za a yi dasa,
- yanayin kasa,
- lokacin maturation,
- jure cututtuka,
- rayuwa mai amfani.
Wadannan dokoki sun dace da fararen fata da farin kabeji. Maganin dasa shuki ba zai zama cikakke ba idan kun yi watsi da kowane abu.
Sifantawa
Don daidaitawa, kuna buƙatar shirya maganin sodium chloride kuma sanya iri a can. Ƙwayoyin haske za su yi iyo yayin da masu nauyi za su zauna a ƙasa. Za a iya tattara tsaban da ke sama a jefar da su. Ba su dace da shuka ba.
Daga ƙasa, tattara duk sauran tsaba kuma ku wanke su da ruwa mai tsabta da gishiri. Bayan haka, ana shanya su don kada su fara tsiro da wuri. Tsakanin tsaba kuma sun dace da shuka, idan kun jiƙa su kafin shuka.
Gwajin Germination
An tabbatar da ingancin germination na hatsi mai ƙima. Don yin wannan, ɗauki raka’a 100 na abu kuma sanya su a kan rigar da aka dasa. Ana sanya rigar datti a saman.
Germination yana faruwa na kwanaki 7 a zazzabi na 23 ° C-25 ° C. Ana duba hatsi kuma ana ƙidaya kowace rana. A rana ta uku, ana ƙayyade daidaituwar germination kuma, bayan mako guda, germination a cikin kashi.
Kwayar cuta
Dole ne a ƙazantar da iri
Ana jika tsaba na kabeji don kashe su. Hanyar tana nufin lalata ƙwayoyin cuta na cututtukan hoto. Shiri na kabeji tsaba don shuka ba tare da disinfection ba shi da tasiri.
Ana amfani da bayani na potassium permanganate don hanya, sannan a wanke da ruwa.
Ana ɗaukar maganin zafi a matsayin hanya mafi inganci. Asalin aikin shine tasirin ruwan dumi akan hatsi. An nannade iri a cikin jakar gauze kuma a nitse cikin ruwa a zazzabi na 50 ° C na minti 25. A yanayin zafi sama da 50 ° C, tsaba za su rasa germination, kuma a alamar da ke ƙasa da 48 ° C, magani ba zai haifar da sakamako ba. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da ruwa mai yawa, wanda ya rage yawan canjin zafin jiki. Suvidnitsa yana da kyau ga wannan hanyar.
Ana iya yin rigakafin cutar da tafarnuwa. 30-40 g na shuka an murƙushe kuma an motsa shi a cikin gilashin ruwa. Ana sauke wake a cikin cakuda kuma a ajiye shi a can don 1-2 hours. Bayan hanya, an bushe wake gaba daya.
Yadda ake jiƙa iri kafin shuka
Ana yin jiƙa duka a cikin ruwa mai gudu da kuma a cikin mafita na musamman don haɓaka haɓakar amfanin gona. Zai fi kyau kada a yi amfani da ruwan famfo don sarrafawa.
Ana yin jiƙa a cikin ruwa bisa ga ka’ida mai zuwa:
- Yi amfani da narkakkar ruwan sama ko nakasassu ruwan sama, da kuma dafaffen ruwan famfo ko siyan ruwan da ba carbonated ba.
- Ana sanya iri don kada ruwan ya rufe shi gaba daya. Ya kamata akwati ya kasance a wuri mai dumi amma duhu.
- Ana yin shayarwa kwanaki 2-3 kafin shuka. Ba za a iya jefar da shi tare da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ba, saboda hatsi suna tsiro da sauri.
- Jiƙa tsaba na kabeji a cikin ruwa ta amfani da abubuwan haɓaka girma. Don yin wannan, zaɓi kowane ɗayan abubuwan da ke motsa jiki.
Amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman
Shahararrun samfuran da aka saya sune:
- Epin,
- Epin-karin,
- Zircon.
Amfani da shi yana haɓaka germination, inganta juriya na amfanin gona zuwa sanyi, fari, cututtuka da kwari masu cutarwa. Tsire-tsire da aka bi da su sun fi sauƙin shuka a cikin ƙasa buɗe.
Don jiƙa da kyau da tsaba tare da Zircon, 2-3 saukad da miyagun ƙwayoyi suna narkar da a cikin 300 ml na ruwa. Jiƙa don 15-20 hours. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi yana inganta shigar da ruwa a cikin hatsi. Ana iya ƙayyade sakamakon da gani – pimples ya kumbura.
Ana iya amfani da maganin nitrophosphate ko wasu hadadden takin mai magani yadda ya kamata don sarrafawa ta hanyar jiƙa. Don wannan, 1 tsp. an narkar da shirye-shiryen a cikin lita 1 na ruwan dumi, ana ajiye tsaba a can don akalla sa’o’i 12, bayan haka an wanke su da ruwa mai tsabta.
Kuna iya yin ba tare da sunadarai ba. Don yin wannan, shirya jiko ash na 2-3 tablespoons. l itace ash da 1 lita na ruwan dumi. Ana ajiye wannan maganin na tsawon sa’o’i 24, bayan haka an tace shi. Ana jika wake a cikin ruwa na tsawon awanni 3-4 sannan a wanke.
Ƙarin hanyoyin sarrafawa
Ana sarrafa tsaba don tsire-tsire ta hanyar kumfa. Wannan hanyar tana kama da jiƙa, amma ta bambanta ta amfani da hydrogen peroxide. Ana iya samun shi ta amfani da kwampreso na akwatin kifaye.
Don tsaba da suka tsiro na dogon lokaci, yi amfani da hanyar stratification. Ma’anar aikin shine ƙirƙirar yanayin muhalli kusan. Hatsin da aka haɗe da ƙasa suna da sauƙi ga yanayin zafi da ƙananan zafi.
Bayan shayarwa, kayan yana kwantar da hankali. Don wannan, ana ajiye hatsin da aka sarrafa a cikin firiji don kwana ɗaya. Yawan zafin jiki a ciki ya kamata ya kasance a cikin yanki na 1 ° C-3 ° C: wannan yana ƙaruwa da juriya na hatsi zuwa sanyi kuma yana haɓaka germination.
ƙarshe
Jiƙa tsaba na kabeji kafin dasa shuki ko kowane mai lambu ya yanke shawarar kansa ko a’a.Ta hanyar shayar da iri yadda yakamata, zaku iya kawar da buƙatar calibration kuma tabbatar da iyakar germination.
