Cututtukan kabeji na iya zama fungal, kwayan cuta, da hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Sun bambanta ba kawai a cikin alamun ba, amma a cikin hanyoyin fada.
Cututtukan Kabeji da hanyoyin magance su
Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta
Ba saboda naman gwari ba, amma saboda rashin kulawa.
Siffata ta gaban gamsai. A ƙarƙashin rinjayarsa, kawunan kabeji suna canza launi zuwa baki. Irin waɗannan kayan lambu suna buƙatar kawarwa.
Bacteriosis mucosa
Dalilin bayyanar shine yanayin ajiya mara kyau. Wannan cuta na kabeji yana faruwa ne lokacin da zafin jiki a cikin dakin da aka adana kawunan kabeji ya wuce.
Mucosal bacteriosis yana samuwa ne saboda kwayoyin cuta. Ana iya haɓaka shi ta hanyoyi 2. Na farko: rube na waje ganye. An siffanta su da wani wari mara dadi. Kututture ya fara rube kuma ya zama mai laushi da ruwa.
Bayanin bambance-bambancen na biyu na ci gaban wannan cutar kabeji:
- Kan kabeji ya fara rubewa.
- Gama yana bayyana akan ganye.
- Takaddun da aka lulluɓe cikin gamsai kuma suna ɗaukar launin duhu suna shafar.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa da rigakafin
Ba shi yiwuwa a ceci al’adar da ta shafi mucosal bacteriosis. Wajibi ne a jefar da kawunan kabeji masu cutar.
Yana da mahimmanci a bi ka’idodin dasa shuki wannan kayan lambu da farko:
- bi da tsaba da sabulu ko manganese bayani,
- Bi da ƙasa kafin dasa 0.1% Phytobacteriomycin,
- kiyaye mafi kyawun tsarin ajiya (zazzabi na yanayi -1 zuwa 1 ° C),
- a kai a kai duba kayan lambu don kwari ko alamun cututtuka,
- yi disinfection a wuraren ajiyar ‘ya’yan itace.
Bacteriosis na jijiyoyin jini
Vascular bacteriosis yana shafar girma s bayan ruwan sama ko kuma saboda mummunan tasirin kwari. Wannan cututtukan kabeji na iya faruwa a kowane mataki na haɓaka kayan lambu, lokacin dasawa seedlings ko ma kafin girbi.
Babban bayyanar cututtuka:
- gefen ganyen ya fara fara rawaya.
- a hankali ya yi duhu,
- Tasoshin farantin ganye sun koma baki,
- A mataki na ƙarshe, ganyen suna juya launin rawaya (wani lokacin har ma da tsatsa) kuma suna faɗi.
Hanyoyin fada
Dole ne a lalata kawunan marasa lafiya
Idan ba a lalata kawunan da abin ya shafa cikin lokaci ba, duk amfanin gona na iya kamuwa da cutar. Wannan shi ne saboda tsawon rayuwar kwayoyin: yana rayuwa har tsawon shekaru 2.
Don shawo kan wannan cutar ta kabeji, kuna buƙatar bi da seedlings tare da Fitolavin-300. Adadin amfani shine 10-15 ml na kowane lita 10 na ruwa. Wannan ya isa don sarrafa 1-2 m2 na ƙasa.
Wani kayan aiki mai tasiri shine 0.1% Binoram bayani. 200 ml na miyagun ƙwayoyi an diluted a cikin 10 l na ruwa. Ana amfani da maganin a ƙarƙashin tushen. Yana da kyau a yi haka kafin ruwan sama.
Binciken
Kuna iya dasa kabeji a wurin da kayan lambu masu kamuwa da cuta suka girma, bayan shekaru 3-4. Bayan cire kawunan kabeji marasa lafiya kuma kafin dasa shuki sabbin tsire-tsire, ana shuka ƙasa aƙalla sau 3.
Ana shuka tsaba da aka bi da su kawai. A matsayin prophylaxis, hanyoyin jama’a suna ɗaukar maganin tafarnuwa: 25 g na tafarnuwa puree an diluted a cikin gilashin 200 ml na ruwa. A cikinsa, ana ba da tsaba na tsawon minti 20, bayan haka an wanke su kuma an bushe su. Lokacin girma, tushen harbe ana tsoma su a cikin cakuda mullein da Fitolavin-300.
Kabeji mosaic
Ana kamuwa da wannan cutar ta kabeji ta hanyar ciyawa da aphids suka shafa. A farkon ci gaban mosaic, ganye suna haskakawa (juya kusan fari). Sun daina girma kuma nan da nan suka fara murtuke fuska. Baƙar fata a hankali suna bayyana a kan kai.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa da rigakafin
- Kula da ciyawa. Dole ne a tsaftace su akai-akai, saboda suna da yawa kuma suna yada da sauri a cikin lambun.
- Yaki aphids. Da farko, kana buƙatar yin yaki ba tare da kwari da kansu ba, amma tare da tururuwa. Kuna buƙatar nemo gidajensu ku zuba tafasasshen ruwa ko kananzir.
An tono kawunan da abin ya shafa. Ba za ku iya jefa su kawai ba, kawai ku ƙone su. Sannan kwayar cutar ba za ta yada zuwa wasu kayan lambu ba.
Cututtukan naman gwari
Kusan duk cututtukan fungal na kabeji suna tasowa saboda rashin kulawa.
Ruwan ruwa mai yawa, ajiya a cikin yanayin da bai dace ba, rashin kulawa da matakan rigakafi shine manyan dalilan ci gaban cututtukan fungal.
Alternaria (baƙar fata)
Kabeji seedling cuta, wanda ya bayyana a cikin kayan lambu ajiya wuraren.
Bayanin alamun alternariosis:
- akwai baƙar fata da ratsi tare da ganyen tsiron.
- black patina na soot a cikin adult Kocani,
- plaque a cikin shugabannin kabeji, wanda ke zuwa dukan shuka.
Hanyoyin fada
Dauki mataki da wuri-wuri
Ana yin fesa tare da fungicides bayan gano alamun farko na cutar kabeji. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da magunguna:
| Sunan Fungicides | Yawan amfani a kowace ha 1 |
| Acrobat | 1 lita |
| Antracol | 1,5 kg |
| Ditan M-45 | 1.2-1.6 kg |
| kwatangwalo | 0.6 l |
| Cuproxate | 3-5l ku |
| 250 CE gudun | 0.5 l |
A karo na biyu ana fesa su da kafofin watsa labarai iri ɗaya yayin lokacin girma. Yana da mahimmanci a bi ka’idodin amfani da aka nuna don kada ya lalata shuka.
Farar rube
Yana haifar da lalacewar kawunan kabeji a lokacin girma da lokacin ajiya. Duk cabbages da ke da lahani a bayyanar (fashe, haƙora, da sauransu) suna iya kamuwa da cuta. Fasassun yanayi ne mai kyau don haɓaka naman gwari. Babban bayyanar da farin rot shine gamsai akan ganyen waje.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa da rigakafin
Dole ne a cire irin waɗannan ƙasidu nan da nan. Idan ba a yi haka ba, rubewar farin za ta bugi sauran kawunan.
Don guje wa ruɓan fari, kar a dame jujjuyawar amfanin gona. Kuna iya dasa sauran nau’ikan kabeji a wuri ɗaya kawai bayan shekaru 3-5.
Bayan lalata kawunan kabejin da abin ya shafa, ana lalata wurin ajiya kuma ana wanke shi da ruwan sabulu. Hakanan ana yin shi da greenhouse idan an shuka kabeji a ciki.
Kowanne
Babban abin da ke haifar da keel shine cystospores da ke zaune a cikin ƙasa. Sun buga tushen, wanda ke kaiwa ga lalatarsu. Saboda haka, irin wannan cuta a farkon matakai yana da damuwa don lura. Don ganowa, kuna buƙatar tono shuka daga ƙasa.
Manyan sigina:
- wilting da bleaching na ganye.
- bakin ciki mai tushe na seedlings,
- growths a kan tushen.
A ƙarƙashin rinjayar keel, ci gaban shuka yana tsayawa. Ganyen suna faduwa. Tushen ya juya launin ruwan kasa kuma ya mutu.
Hanyoyin fada
Dole ne a lalata tsire-tsire masu cutar
Kyakkyawan yanayi don rarraba keel – sanyi, yanayin damina, yawan ban ruwa. Sabili da haka, don kare kabeji daga cututtuka, ana bada shawara don dakatar da shayarwa na dan lokaci.
Hanyoyin magani:
- cire da ƙone da seedlings ko manya kabeji shugabannin,
- disinfect ƙasa tare da cakuda Bordeaux;
- don ƙara 4 g da 1 m2 na colloidal sulfur zuwa ƙasa.
Yana da mahimmanci kada a shuka irin wannan kayan lambu na tsawon shekaru 4-5 a wurin da kayan lambu masu kamuwa da cuta suka girma. Kuna buƙatar shuka amfanin gona da ke kashe naman gwari. Waɗannan su ne tumatir, barkono, aubergines, albasa, tafarnuwa, alayyafo.
Soft mold (peronosporosis)
Yana shafar tsire-tsire matasa, tsire-tsire da aka dasa. Shugaban kabeji a hankali ya juya launin toka ko rawaya. Alamar ta bayyana a kasan zanen gadon waje. Sai suka fito daga kai suka fadi. Kabeji ya daina girma sannan ya mutu.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa
Wajibi ne a cire yankin ganyen da suka kamu da cutar. Sa’an nan kuma kuna buƙatar daidaita yanayin zafi a cikin greenhouse.
Kariyar Kabeji daga mildew shine a fesa cakuda Bordeaux 1%. Amfani: 500 ml ga kowane lita 10 na ruwa.
Wani zaɓi na magani shine TMTD (thyram) ko magani na planriz. Ɗauki 400 g a kowace lita 2 na ruwa. Wannan ya isa sarrafa kawun kabeji 6 zuwa 8.
Rhizoctoniosis
Yana tasowa idan ƙasa mai cutar ta faɗi akan ganye. Na farko, alamun orange suna bayyana kamar tsatsa. Daga baya sun zama masu sauƙi kuma suna ɗaukar launin rawaya. Bayan kwanaki 5-7, aibobi suna girma kuma a zahiri suna shafar duk shugaban kabeji.
Bayanin alamun cututtukan kabeji rhizoctoniasis:
- ulcers suna bayyana a kan petioles,
- farantin ya yi bakin ciki, an rufe shi da ramuka.
- wuyan tushen sai ya zama rawaya.
- Tushen duba disheveled.
Kamar yadda tare da shan kashi na sauran cututtukan fungal, shuka ya mutu.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa da rigakafin
Shuka na iya mutuwa
Lokacin da kuka ga alamun farko na wannan cuta na kabeji, kuna buƙatar fesa shuka tare da maganin 0.2% na jan karfe. Don wannan, 100 g na jan karfe ana diluted a cikin 10 l na ruwa. Wannan ya isa ya fesa 2 m2 na shuka.
Rigakafin shine a bi ka’idodin shuka. Ya kamata a yi nazarin tsire-tsire a kan lokaci don alamun cututtuka.
Baƙar ƙafa
Ana samun wakili mai haddasa wannan cuta a cikin ƙasa. Shigar da shi daga wasu tsire-tsire masu cutar da suka girma a baya.
Baƙar fata gabaɗaya tana shafar Beijing ko farin kabeji. Ci gaban cutar yana ba da gudummawa ga matakin acidity na ƙasa da yawan shayarwa. Bugu da kari, wuce kima aikace-aikace na nitrogen da takin mai magani da kuma m dasa kayan lambu amfanin gona da mummunan tasiri.
Darkening yana bayyana akan tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ƙafafu baƙar fata. Ba da da ewa ya rufe tushen da dukan shuka. A sakamakon haka, tushen tsarin ya zama bakin ciki, shuka ya bushe.
Hanyoyin fada
Magani dangane da 1% potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) zai taimaka kawar da kafafu baƙar fata a farkon mataki. Don wannan, 1 g na potassium permanganate an diluted a cikin 100-150 ml na ruwa. Bayan haka dole ne a shayar da maganin don 7-10 hours. Ana amfani da wakili a ƙarƙashin shugabannin kabeji.
Bugu da ƙari, ana kula da goyon bayan maganin tare da Fundazol ko Planriz. Ɗauki 15 g na Fundazol, wanda aka diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Ana iya shafa shi a ƙarƙashin tushen ko kuma a fesa shi da ban ruwa mai ɗigo. An shirya wani bayani dangane da planris daga 30-50 ml na wani abu a cikin guga na ruwa.
Cututtukan kwari
Ba wai kawai fungal ba, cututtuka na kwayan cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta na iya shafar kabeji. Kwari da yawa na iya yin haka:
| Kwaro | Bayanin shan kashi | Hanyar sarrafawa |
| Farin tashi | Fararen kwari suna shan ruwan ‘ya’yan itace. Ana samun su a kasan ganye. | Bi da ganye tare da maganin sabulu. Ɗauki 300 ml na sabulu mai ruwa kuma a tsoma shi a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Dole ne a fara jefa kwari daga shuka tare da safar hannu. |
| Kabeji leaf irin ƙwaro | Baƙar ƙwaro a hankali yana ƙulla gefuna na ganye, yana motsawa zuwa tsakiyar kai. | Hanya mafi inganci don sarrafawa ita ce fesa maganin kwari. Mafi kyawun su shine Aktara, Angio, Match et al. |
| Kabeji tashi | Kuda mai launin toka mai tsayi har zuwa 8mm, wacce ke cin duk kayan lambu. | Kuna iya yin yaƙi tare da magungunan gida. Yi jiko na burdock: kai 2.5 kilogiram na busassun burdock da lita 10 na ruwa. Ana shigar da cakuda na tsawon kwanaki 2, bayan haka dole ne a tace shi. Wannan adadin bayani ya isa ga 10 shugabannin kabeji. |
| Cruciferous fleas | Tsawon kwari 2-3 mm tsayi, yana shafar tushen shuka. | Yi fumigation tare da foda celandine. Ana buɗe buɗewa a cikin gwangwani, an sanya gawayi mai ƙonewa a saman, an zuba celandine a cikin gwangwani kuma a ajiye shi a kan gado kusa da kabeji. Kuna iya yin bayani tare da celandine. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar 20 g na foda, wanda aka diluted a cikin lita 1 na ruwa. Bari infuse 12 hours. 1 lita na bayani ya isa ga 2 m2. |
ƙarshe
Kabeji yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban kuma gwagwarmaya tare da su ya kamata ya dace da dacewa. Wannan al’adun shuka na iya shafar cututtukan fungal (rhizoctoniosis, ƙafafu baƙar fata, keel), cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta (mucous da vascular bacteriosis, mosaic). Kwari suna da mummunar tasiri akan ganyen kayan lambu: kwari na kabeji da beetles leaf, whiteflies, cruciferous fleas. Kabeji yana kariya daga yawancin cututtuka ta hanyar sinadarai ko magunguna na gida.
