Noman kowane nau’in kabeji yana buƙatar bin wata fasaha, farawa daga lokacin shuka tsaba zuwa girbi. Ciyar da kabeji yana ba ku damar samun girbi mai kyau, don haka yana da mahimmanci don ciyar da shuka akan lokaci.
Kashigar Kabeji akan Bed
Babban sutura a cikin fili
Noman yana buƙatar kulawa da yawa, musamman ma idan ya zo ga tufafi na sama. A cikin girma da ci gaba, tsiron yana buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki na ma’adinai. Lokacin da tushen ganye ya girma sosai, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar nitrogen.
Shayar da kabeji a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa shine abin da ake buƙata don motsa tsiro zuwa ƙasa mara kyau kuma mara kyau.
Ya ƙunshi nitrogen
Kabeji a cikin bude ƙasa ana ciyar da shi tare da shirye-shirye daban-daban, ciki har da nitrogen.
Nitroammofoska
Abun farin crystalline ya ƙunshi fiye da 30% nitrogen. Hadi yana da hankali sosai, saboda haka ya zama dole a yi amfani da ammonium nitrate don abinci mai gina jiki, ba tare da ƙetare ka’idodin da aka yarda ba, in ba haka ba tsire-tsire za su tara yawan nitrates, haifar da guba.
Amon sulphate
Wannan magani ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu: nitrogen da sulfur. Abubuwan da ke cikin nitrogen a cikin wannan abu ya fi ƙasa da ammonium nitrate, don haka adadin maganin yayin ciyar da shuka yana ƙaruwa sau 2 na ammonium nitrate.
Sulfur, wanda shine ɓangare na hadi, yana ƙara yawan acidity na ƙasa.
Urea (urea)
Urea wani abu ne da aka tattara sosai wanda ya ƙunshi 45% nitrogen, don haka lokacin yin allurai, don Allah a rage adadin ammonium nitrate sau 1,5.
Ya kunshi sinadarin potassium
Potassium yana ba da girma mai girma na tushen shuke-shuke da ɓangaren ƙasa. Wannan magani ana bada shawara don ciyar da kabeji don samar da kan kabeji.
Maganin chloride na potassium
Potassium chloride wani farin crystalline abu ne a cikin siffa wanda yayi kama da babban lu’ulu’u na gishiri. Abubuwan da ke cikin wannan magani sun hada da 60% potassium. Lokacin amfani da ƙasa, yana ƙara matakin acidity.
Fatalfa mai guba
50% na potassium an haɗa a cikin abun da ke ciki na sulfate. Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don haɓakawa da haɓaka tsire-tsire na chlorophobic.
Phosphoric
Wannan kayan lambu ba ya buƙatar takin mai magani na phosphoric musamman, amma ba lallai ba ne don ware su daga abinci mai gina jiki na tsire-tsire: ciyar da superphosphate yana ba da ingantaccen haɓakar kawunan kabeji da tarin abubuwan gina jiki da abubuwan gina jiki a ƙarshen lokacin girbi.
Superphosphate yana cike da tsire-tsire tare da abubuwa masu amfani
Don takin kabeji, ana amfani da superphosphate na yau da kullun, wanda ya ƙunshi kusan 18% phosphorus (ynoy biyu – 45%).
Lokacin gabatar da abu, la’akari da matakin acidity na ƙasa, tunda phosphorus ba ta da kyau a shayar da tsire-tsire. Seedlings a irin waɗannan ƙasashe ma ba su girma kuma suna girma.
Kwayoyin halitta
Takin gargajiya don kabeji ba su da mahimmanci. Suna ba da cikakken lokacin ciyayi don tsire-tsire. Har ila yau, ana buƙatar irin wannan suturar don samar da wani m da kuma m shugaban kabeji.
Zai fi kyau a ciyar da kabeji tare da taki a hade tare da peat: 6 kilogiram na cakuda ana cinye ta kowace murabba’in kilomita 1. m gadaje.
Matsayin acidity na ƙasa
Lambar acid ya dogara da abun da ke cikin ƙasa:
- ga peat yana da pH na 5-5.5;
- don podzolic: pH daga 6.5 zuwa 7.5.
Kuna iya deoxidize ƙasa ta amfani da quicklime (cannon) ko garin dolomite.
Abun da ke ciki da adadin takin mai magani don kabeji ya dogara da iri-iri da aka shuka. Ana ciyar da nau’in kabeji na farko sau 2-3 a duk lokacin girma.
Don ciyar da marigayi kabeji, ana amfani da tsarin abinci mai gina jiki gauraye: shirye-shiryen ma’adinai suna canzawa tare da kwayoyin halitta.
ciyar da Seedling
Don samun girbi mai kyau na shugabannin kabeji a nan gaba, ana ciyar da farkon seedlings.
Suna ciyar da tsire-tsire sau uku.
Primary etapa
Na farko ciyar da kabeji seedlings ne da za’ayi a mataki na tattara matasa harbe. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana amfani da abubuwan abubuwan da ke gaba:
- 25 g na ammonia,
- 40 g na phosphorus,
- 10 l na potassium taki.
Abubuwan busassun busassun suna narkar da su a cikin lita 10 na ruwa.
Mataki na biyu
Kula da ma’auni lokacin shirya cakuda
Ana ciyar da abinci na biyu daidai bayan makonni 2. Kuna buƙatar ciyar da kabeji kabeji a mataki na farko tare da ammonia nitrate. Ana cinye 35 g na abu don kowane lita 10 na ruwa.
Mataki na uku
Ana amfani da taki na ƙarshe don seedlingsan kabeji lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Sun ƙunshi abubuwa kamar haka:
- nitroammophosk – 35 g;
- abu mai karfi – 85 g,
- potassium – 25 g.
Sakamakon abun da ke ciki an kawo shi zuwa ƙarar 10 l tare da ruwan sanyi.
Bayan abinci uku, tsire-tsire za su yi girma kuma za su iya ci gaba da nasara a cikin sababbin yanayi.
Ciyar da wuri iri
Idan aka ba da matuƙar girma na amfanin gona, nau’in farkon ya kamata a haɗe shi da kwayoyi waɗanda ke haɓaka saurin haɓakar ƙwayar kore da tushen tsarin. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, kawunan kabeji suna samun nauyi kuma suna sha na gina jiki.
1 abinci
Abincin farko na nau’in kabeji na farko ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar tushen kwanaki 20 bayan shuka a gonar. A wannan mataki na ci gaba, ana ciyar da urea da ammonium nitrate. Idan an yi amfani da waɗannan takin a lokacin kaka tono na filin, za ku iya ciyar da kabeji bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa tare da hadadden abun da ke ciki daga masana’anta. Maganin ‘Agricola’ yana cikin buƙatu sosai. Ana shigar da ita ta hanyar tushen tushen da kuma hanyar karin tushen
Abinci 2
Ana aiwatar da ƙarin ciyarwar kabeji a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa ta hanyoyi biyu: tare da mullein ko slurry, a baya an diluted da ruwa. Don lita 10 na ruwa suna ciyar da lita 0.5 na taki. Kuna iya yin takin tare da maganin aiki kwanaki 2 bayan jiko. Tsakanin ciyarwar farko da na gaba shine makonni 2.
3 abinci mai gina jiki
Don ciyar da karshe na kabeji na farko, ana amfani da maganin boric acid, wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar foliar: 5 g na abu yana diluted da ruwa mai dumi. ruwan zãfi (200 g), sa’an nan kuma sanyaya ruwan da aka kawo zuwa girma na 10 l.
Abincin ganyayyaki tare da boric acid yana hana fashewar kawunansu. Idan mai tushe ya lalace, an ƙara 5 g na molybdenum ammonium zuwa maganin gina jiki.
Abinci a cikin greenhouse
Kuna iya ciyar da kabeji don greenhouse bisa ga makircin da ke sama. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarin kayan ado na sama an haɗa shi a cikin abinci mai gina jiki na farkon nau’in, yana ƙara yawan rayuwar shiryayye na shugabannin kabeji.
Ana ciyar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ash (400 g) da potassium sulfate (40 g). Sakamakon cakuda yana diluted a cikin ruwa (10 L).
Tare da maganin aiki, ana shayar da tsire-tsire kwanaki da yawa kafin yanke dumi.
Ciyar da marigayi-maturing iri
Late maturing iri sun dace da takin ma’adinai
Late maturing iri da kuma hybrids ana ciyar da su hanya guda da kuma amfani da wannan aka gyara kamar farkon maturing iri. Har ila yau, don marigayi nau’in kabeji, ana ba da shawarar yin ado tare da takin ma’adinai da mullein.
Adadin da abun da ke ciki don ciyarwa iri ɗaya ne da na farkon nau’in girma. Late kabeji yana da raunin tushen, yayin da ake ci abinci, adadin potassium da phosphorus yana ƙaruwa.
Wani muhimmin sashi na kulawa da noman jinsunan marigayi shine shayar da ganye tare da toka. Fesa tsire-tsire tare da toka ba kawai yana ciyar da tsire-tsire ba, har ma yana korar kwari. Wannan magani yana da mummunar tasiri akan bayyanar kawunan kabeji kuma yana rage ingancin kasuwancin su, don haka za’a iya maye gurbin maganin ash tare da gishiri: 150 g na abu yana narkar da 10 l na ruwa. Ana shayar da ganyen ganye sau da yawa a cikin lokacin tsakanin suturar saman.
Wasu masu lambu suna amfani da magungunan gida don kula da tsire-tsire. Tsire-tsire za a iya ciyar da nettle, tincture na aidin a cikin ruwa.
Mai launi
Kamar sauran nau’ikan, wannan nau’in yana son abinci sosai. Ba kamar farin kabeji ba, farin kabeji yana amsa da kyau don yin ado tare da ɗigon kaza (lita 1 na abu da lita 20 na ruwa). Ana iya amfani da irin wannan takin gargajiya maimakon mullein da yisti.
Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin a kan adadin lita 1 na ruwa mai gina jiki a kowace shuka.
Peking
Kabeji na Peking nasa ne na nau’ikan masu girma da wuri. Top dress ba a yi bayan dasa shuki a bude ƙasa.
Don girma mai kyau amfanin gona, yi Organic da ma’adinai abubuwa kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa kafin kaka tono: da 1 km². mullein (5 kg), superphosphate biyu (15 g) da potassium sulfate (30 g).
Broccoli
Musamman ma, wannan amfanin gona ya haɗa da rayuwa mara kyau na seedling ba tare da kariyar ƙasa ba bayan dasawa, don haka suturar farko ta kabeji na wannan iri-iri ana aiwatar da mako guda bayan dasa shuki a wurin.
Ana ciyar da ‘ya’yan broccoli na mullein. An shirya jiko bisa ga makircin da aka nuna a sama.
Irin wannan suturar saman tare da kwayoyin halitta bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa yana ƙarfafa tsire-tsire matasa kuma yana ƙarfafa ci gaban su.
Brussels
B Lokacin ci gaban seedling ba lallai ba ne don wannan iri-iri na kabeji. Don takin Brussels sprouts a kan shafin, ana amfani da takin ma’adinai, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin bazara da bazara (a watan Agusta).
Ana aiwatar da abinci na farko kafin dasa shuki – 1 tsp. nitroamoffoski a cikin kowane rami.
Ana aiwatar da abinci mai gina jiki mai zuwa a mataki na samuwar kabeji na farko. Tsire-tsire suna hadi da superphosphate, potassium sulfate da nitroammophos – 25 g na kowane abu. Busassun cakuda yana diluted a cikin guga na ruwa. 1,5 l na miya na ruwa an zuba a ƙarƙashin kowane seedling.
