Kowane iri-iri na kabeji yana da amfaninsa da kwanakin dasa shuki. Kulawa mai kyau yana haɓaka girma da haɓakar shuka. Daidaitaccen noman kabeji shine mabuɗin girbi mai kyau.
Dokokin kulawa don girma kabeji a gonar
Hanyoyin noma
Ana shuka kabeji ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
Seedling seedlings ne quite sauki. Tushen amfanin gona na kayan lambu ya zama mahimmanci. Shuka yana jure wa fari da kyau. Tsire-tsire suna girma a rana ta XNUMX bayan shuka. Wannan hanya ta dace da farkon da tsakiyar ripening iri. Amfanin tsaba zai zama babba.
Ana shirya tsaba don shuka
Babban matakan agrotechnical don noman kabeji ta hanyar seedling:
- calibration,
- taurin
- disinfection,
- dumama,
- sarrafa micronutrient,
- shuka don seedlings ko a cikin bude ƙasa.
Shirye-shiryen tsaba don seedlings yana farawa tare da sanya su a cikin ruwan dumi a kusan 45 ° C na minti 20. Sannan ana jika su na tsawon mintuna 4-6 a cikin ruwan sanyi. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen taurara seedlings a nan gaba.
Hakanan zaka iya shuka wasu kayan ta hanyar nannade shi kawai a cikin yadi mai laushi sannan a bar shi a gida na tsawon kwanaki 2-3 a cikin ɗaki a kan sigar taga. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci kada ku manta da danshi saman masana’anta, kwalban fesa yana da kyau ga wannan.
Ana shuka tsaba don seedlings a zurfin 2 cm ta amfani da akwati 6 × 6 cm ko 7 × 7 cm. Rufe da fim ko takarda a saman. Tsire-tsire sun ƙunshi a zazzabi na 15-20ºC. Lokacin dasa shuki seedling a cikin buɗe ƙasa shine kwanaki 40-50 bayan shuka tsaba don seedlings.
Don ingantaccen girma, ana tsoma tsaba a cikin mafita mai zuwa: ‘Humate’, ‘Seda’ ko ‘Epin’. Kafin shayar da tsaba da kuma taurare su, kuna buƙatar karanta umarnin a hankali. Humidification ne contraindicated ga wasu tsaba daga kantin sayar da.
Lokacin shuka don seedlings
Kowane nau’in kayan lambu iri-iri yana da lokacin shuka nasa.
| Daban-daban | Lokacin shuka |
| Farin kai ( hybrids, farkon balaga), ja | Daga 12 zuwa 23 ga Maris |
| Farin kai (marigayi da matsakaicin nau’in balagagge) | Afrilu 4-14 |
| Swede | kowane tafiya |
| Launi, broccoli | Daga 14 zuwa 24 ga Maris |
| Brussels | Karshen Maris – farkon Afrilu |
| Savoy | Daga Maris 16 zuwa Afrilu 12. |
Kyakkyawan magabata don kabeji shine karas, albasa, dankali. Ba a ba da shawarar shuka nau’in kabeji a wurin da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suka girma: tumatir, beets, radishes.
Yadda za a shirya seedlings don kabeji
Don seedlings, yanayin zafin jiki
Yana da mahimmanci. Bayan shuka tsaba don seedlings, seedlings suna bayyana a cikin kwanaki 5-6. Domin da kansa girma mai kyau seedlings, shi wajibi ne don sarrafa zafin jiki tsarin. Bayan cire fim ɗin, zazzabi ya faɗi zuwa 5-10 ° C. Da zarar ainihin ganyen ya bayyana, zazzabi yana tashi zuwa 16ºC a rana da 10ºC da dare.
Abubuwan kula da kabeji seedling:
- Mako guda bayan fitowar, ana kula da ƙasa tare da bayani na potassium permanganate: 3-4 g da lita 10 na ruwa.
- An zaɓi zaɓi na shuka tare da bayyanar ganye na farko. Da farko, ana shayar da ƙasa da ruwa mai yawa, bayan haka an cire seedling tare da ƙasa kuma an dasa shi a cikin akwati ɗaya, yayin yanke tushen ta 3-5 cm. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da kofuna na filastik na girman 5 × 6 cm ko tukwane na peat (wani lokacin zaku iya amfani da kwalaben filastik yanke). ).
- Dakin yana samun iska har tsawon kwanaki 2-3. Windows yana buɗe don 3-5 hours.
- Yana da kyau a rufe seedlings tare da gauze idan hasken rana kai tsaye ya fallasa su. Duk wani masana’anta mai nauyi na iya zama abin rufewa.
- Makonni 3-4 kafin dasawa a cikin ƙasa buɗe, an dakatar da shayarwa.
Dasa shuki a cikin lambun
Kuna buƙatar dasa seedlings a wuri na dindindin a cikin lambun lokacin da ganye 4-5 suka bayyana. Tsayin shuka ya kamata ya zama 13-20 cm.
Lokacin dasawa a cikin fili:
- don farkon ripening – farkon Mayu,
- don matsakaicin ripening – karshen watan Mayu,
- don marigayi cultivars – tsakiyar watan Mayu.
Ana bada shawara don shirya ƙasa kafin dasa shuki. Kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurin rana. Sirrin girma kabeji a cikin daidai irin ƙasa. Farkon balagagge yana girma mafi kyau a cikin yashi mai laushi. Tsakiya da marigayi – a cikin ƙasa yumbu. Ƙasa tare da babban matakin acidity yana da tasiri sosai.
Ana haƙa ƙasar da za a dasa a cikin fall sannan a daidaita shi. An lalatar da duk ciyayi.
Shirye-shiryen dasa shuki a cikin lambun
Ana samar da fasaha don girma kabeji bisa ga wani tsari:
| Daban-daban | Tsarin (taswirar shuka) |
| Hybrid da farkon maturation | 30 x 40 cm |
| Tsakar kakar wasa | 50 x 60 cm |
| Late iri na farin-kan kabeji | 60 x 70 cm |
| Swede | 30 x 40 cm |
| Launi | 25 x 50 cm |
| Savoy | 40 x 60 cm |
| Broccoli | 30 x 50 cm |
Tsire-tsire da gadaje bai kamata a yi kauri ba, saboda giciye suna son sarari. Kafin dasa, ƙara 50 g na ash, 2 tsp. yashi da peat, bayan haka an zuba komai da ruwa sosai. Ana shuka sapling tare da dunƙule na ƙasa kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa, ana yayyafa shi da ciyawa ko toka na itace a saman.
Cuidado
Samar da kabeji tare da kulawa mai kyau
Kuna buƙatar kula da shuka a gida da kuma a filin, kuma a cikin greenhouses ko greenhouses. Makonni 2-3 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe, an yanke daji.
Don samar da kabeji tare da kulawa mai kyau, ana la’akari da yanayin yanayi. Idan an yi hasashen kwanakin zafi, an rufe tsire-tsire da jaridu ko wasu kayan, ana shayar da su sosai a cikin mako.
Seedlings na minti 10-15 ana fitar da su zuwa titi ko a bar su a kan windowsill na tsawon sa’o’i 2-3. Ya kamata tsire-tsire su sha cikin hasken rana da yawa – kimanin sa’o’i 11-14 a rana. Noman ƙasa na yau da kullun baya barin ta bushewa ko kududdufi.
Kula da farin kabeji ya ƙunshi matakan aikin gona da yawa:
| taron noma | Hanyar aikace-aikace |
| Watse | Da rana, a cikin kwanakin girgije, ana yin shayarwa kowane kwanaki 5. A ranakun rana, ana yin shayarwa tare da tazara na kwanaki 3-4. |
| Ciki | Ciyawa ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 4 cm lokacin farin ciki. Yi amfani da peat, hay, ko ash. |
| Gudanar da shuka | Kwanaki 3-5 bayan dasa shuki a wuri na dindindin a gonar, an yayyafa kabeji da ash, ƙurar taba. Wannan yana kare shuka daga kwari. Don hana aphids, yi amfani da maganin tumatur. Don wannan, ana sanya kilogiram 2,5 na tumatir a cikin lita 6 na ruwa. Maganin yana mai tsanani, sanyaya kuma diluted a cikin lita 2 na ruwa. A ƙarshe, ƙara 40 g na sabulu grated. |
Kulawar kabeji yana buƙatar bin ka’idodin shayarwa, sassautawa, tsaftace ƙasa da zaɓin takin mai magani. Don disinfection da rigakafi, ana kula da amfanin gona na kayan lambu tare da hanyoyi na musamman akan kwari da cututtuka.Ga manyan shugabannin kabeji, yana da mahimmanci a lura ba kawai yanayin da ya dace don girma seedlings ba, amma har ma da kulawa mai kyau a lokacin ci gaba da ciyayi .
Da takin mai magani
Kwanaki 8 bayan nutsewa, ana amfani da taki na farko: 2 g na potassium, 4 g na superphosphate, 3 g na ammonium nitrate da 1 l na ruwa. Kuna buƙatar yayyafa kayan lambu masu ɗanɗano. Tufafin yana maimaita bayan makonni 2. Hakanan ana bada shawara don takin ƙasa tare da taki: 1 kg na datti a kowace lita 10.
3-4 kwanaki kafin dasa shuki seedlings a wuri na dindindin, ana amfani da sanyaya. 1 l na ruwa an haxa shi da 7 g na potassium, 3 g na ammonia taki da 5 g na superphosphate. Hakanan suna amfani da samfuran kantin sayar da kayayyaki, misali Kemira Lux.
Don girma kabeji a cikin bazara, ana ƙara takin gargajiya da ma’adinai a cikin ƙasa (a kowace 1 m2):
- toka na itace – 4-5 st.,
- ruɓaɓɓen Organics – 1 guga,
- urea – 19-23 g;
- superphosphate – 40-50 g.
Cututtukan kabeji
Cuta na iya lalata amfanin gona
Yawancin tsire-tsire suna mutuwa daga kulawa mara kyau saboda cututtuka ko harin kwaro.
| Rashin lafiya | Descripción | Hanyar fada |
| Kowanne | Cutar fungal Yana samar da girma a tushen. Yana jinkirta girma, ci gaba. Sakamakon shine haifuwa da bushewa. Yana da haɗari kawai ga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. | An cire kayan lambu marasa lafiya, wurin girma yana lalata. |
| Bakar kafa | Tushen wuyansa da tushen cutar. Tsiron ya yi duhu, ya koma baki, ya ruɓe. | Don rigakafin, ana bi da tsaba tare da hatsi. Don wannan, ana amfani da 0.2 g na wakili don tsaba 50. Ana kula da ƙasa tare da Tiram ko Planriz: 60 g a kowace murabba’in 1. m. |
| Peronosporosis | M m. Rawaya-jaja spots bayyana a kan ganye saboda talauci sarrafa iri. | Bi ka’idodin asali don shirya da hardening tsaba. Ana jika tsaba a cikin ruwan zafi na minti 30. An fesa daji da bayani. Don yin wannan, 10 hours nace a kan cakuda 10 lita na ruwa da kuma 80 g na tafarnuwa. Yana zafi ya huce. |
| Ruwan toka | Ya bayyana a kan kawunansu a cikin nau’i na mold tare da dige baki. | Yi amfani da fasaha mai girma na aikin gona, hanyoyin tsaftacewa na rigakafi, lalatawar ajiya. Ana tsaftace kayan lambu da abin ya shafa kuma ana kula da wurin su da maganin kashe kwari ko Planriz. |
| Rhizoctoniasis | Yana bayyana saboda ƙasa mai acidic da rashin daidaituwar yanayin zafi. Tushen ya zama rawaya lokacin da cutar ta yi laushi. Tushen yana bushewa ya mutu. | Fesa tare da jan karfe chloride ko disinfectants. |
| Fusarium zai | Babban abin da ke haifar da cutar shine fusarium naman gwari, ganyen ya zama rawaya kuma ya faɗi. | An ƙone tsire-tsire, kuma an lalata wurin kuma an bi da shi tare da maganin sulfate na jan karfe. 5 g da lita 10 na ruwa. |
Cututtukan kabeji suna da haɗari ba kawai ga amfanin gona ba, har ma ga ƙasar da suke girma. Bayan lalata tsire-tsire marasa lafiya a wurin da suka girma, ba za a iya shuka kayan lambu ba har tsawon shekaru 2. Kuna iya shuka kabeji a gida da kuma a cikin greenhouse, la’akari da duk ka’idodin hardening, dasa shuki da kulawa. Don shuka kabeji, bi halaye na kowane nau’in girma iri-iri na kayan lambu.
Karin kwari
Cututtukan amfanin gona:
- slugs,
- caterpillars,
- cruciferous fleas,
- babanuha.
Yawancin kwari suna cin ganye, bayan haka sai su juya cikin bututu kuma su fadi. Wannan ya shafi ganyen beetles, moths, da kwaron gado. Ana amfani da pollination don yaƙar su. Mix tokar itace da ƙurar taba. Hakanan ana amfani da lemun tsami, haɗuwa da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 1.
Kafin samuwar kawunan kabeji, ana kula da kabeji tare da Aktellika 2%. Don magance slugs, saita tarkuna, tattara kwari. Asu yana jin tsoron shirye-shiryen ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda suka haɗa da dendrobacillin ko dipel. Ana amfani da su bisa ga umarnin.
Kabeji na malam buɗe ido yana barin tsutsa. Don rigakafin, ana bi da kabeji tare da cakuda. Ana iya shirya shi a gida, ƙara 10 g na farin mustard zuwa lita 1 na ruwa, nace tsawon kwanaki 2 kuma a narke da ruwa.
Girbin kabeji da adanawa
Girbi daidai a zazzabi na -2ºC lokacin da ya kai girman fasaha. Makonni 2 kafin girbi shugabannin, ba a shayar da gadaje ba. Wannan yana ba da damar ‘ya’yan itace su daɗe kuma su kula da sabon bayyanar. Ana haƙa kawunan kabeji tare da tushen tsarin, a nannade su a ƙarƙashin wani alfarwa don bushewa kaɗan. 2-3 cm daga kai an yanke su ta hanyar kututture. Bayan haka, ana sanya kabeji a cikin ɗakin ajiya.
Yawancin lambu suna adana kawunan kabeji a cikin ginshiki ko a filin a zazzabi na 4-6 ° C. A cikin dakin da aka adana kabeji, kada a sami m. Ana buƙatar samun iska mai kyau ko iskar mako-mako. Idan kun ajiye kawunan kabeji a gida, sanya su a nannade cikin takarda a cikin firiji.
ƙarshe
Kabeji yana ba da girbi mai kyau don shekaru 2 a jere, amma tare da kulawa mai kyau. Kowane iri-iri yana da halaye da fa’idodi. Ana ba da shawarar shuka kabeji a cikin lambun ko greenhouse. Hanya mafi kyau ita ce seedlings. Kayan amfanin gona na kabeji yana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi, mai taki.
