Kabeji seedlings da sanyi –

Daskarewa yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ba su da daɗi a yanayin yanayi. A cikin tsakiyar layi, sanyaya ba zato ba tsammani zai iya faruwa duka a cikin bazara (lokacin da tsire-tsire na kabeji ke shiga ƙasa kawai) da kuma lokacin kaka (lokacin girbi ya yi). Kabeji da sanyi seedlings matsala ne na gaggawa ga masu lambu da yawa.

Kabeji seedlings da daskarewa

Dalilan sanyi

Barazanar sanyi ga tsire-tsire ya dogara da dalilai da yawa:

• yanayin yanayi a lokacin noma,
• halin seedling,
• Topographic wurin wurin saukarwa.

Don yanayin yanayi na waje sun haɗa da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin al’amuran yanayi: raguwar yanayin zafi mara kyau ko haɓakar zafi yayin iska mai sanyi.

Yanayin seedlings yana ƙayyade lafiyar su da taurin. Tsire-tsire mara ƙarfi, mara ƙarfi na iya mutuwa ko da ɗan sanyi.

Yankin haɗari

Yankunan da ke ƙasa suna faɗa cikin yankin daskarewa (musamman idan akwai jikunan ruwa da ƙasa mai fadama a kusa). Wuraren da rana ta ɗumi da kyau suna iya samar da amfanin gona.

Ya kamata a lura cewa juriya na sanyi ya dogara da nau’in kabeji. Yi la’akari da ko farin kabeji yana jin tsoron faduwar sanyi. Farin kabeji shine mafi buƙata a yanayin zafi. Farin kawunansu da broccoli suna da girman kai, kuma Brussels sprouts na iya tsayawa zuwa -10 °.

Hanyoyin kariya na sanyi

Babban hanyoyin kare tsirrai daga sanyin bazara da kaka sune:

1. Hayaki ita ce hanya mafi dadewa, wacce ta kunshi yin wuta a wurare daban-daban. Sakamakon zafin hayaki mai zafi yana tausasa mummunan tasirin rage yanayin zafi akan seedlings. Hayakin yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin yanayi mai natsuwa, ta yadda hayakin ke yaɗuwa kusa da ƙasa kuma yana kula da yanayin kariya mai dumi. An riga an fara wuta a 0 °. Yanzu wannan hanya an yi watsi da ita, saboda an tabbatar da rashin tsaro da mutunta muhalli.
2. Yayyafa yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi sani don kare tsirrai daga daskarewa. Yayyafa ya ƙunshi fesa gonakin da ruwan dumi a ko’ina ta cikin ƙaramin kwalban fesa. A cikin aiwatar da daskarewa ruwa, za a saki zafi mai mahimmanci don tsire-tsire.Wannan hanya tana da tasiri kawai a cikin yanayin sanyi a yanayin zafi zuwa -3-4 °. A cikin iska mai ƙarfi, fesa zai cutar da tsire-tsire ne kawai. Kafin farkon sanyi, za ku iya shayar da ƙasa don hasken rana a lokacin rana ya dumi ƙasa mai laushi, kuma da dare yana ba da zafi kuma yana samar da microclimate mai kyau don seedlings.
3. Ƙirƙirar daɗaɗɗen zafi mai zafi – rufe tsire-tsire tare da jaridu, kwali, zane don kiyaye su dumi. Yawancin yadudduka da aka ƙirƙira, mafi yawan abin dogara da tsire-tsire za a kiyaye su daga sanyi. Abubuwan da ke rufewa kada su kasance cikin kusanci tare da harbe, yana da mahimmanci don adana ratar iska. Layer na thermal insulation zai ba shi damar tsira daga raguwar zafin jiki (a ƙasa 0 °) har zuwa mako guda.
4. Tufafin foliar tare da takin mai magani wanda ke dauke da potassium da phosphorus hanya ce mai inganci don tsayayya da sanyi (har zuwa -5 °). Don ƙara ƙarfin lokacin sanyi na shuke-shuke, yakamata a yi amfani da takin mai magani aƙalla kwana ɗaya kafin farkon sanyi.

Ya kamata a ɓoye bushes ɗin daskararre daga hasken rana mai haske don kada ya tsananta yanayin su. Ana ba da shawarar cewa a bi da su tare da maganin Epin ko Zircon don saurin farfadowa.

Daskare rigakafin

Seedlings ya kamata taurare

Ƙimar hardening don harbe yana da wuya a yi la’akari, yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka juriya na sanyi da ƙarfafa shuka. Bambance-bambance a cikin seedlings bayan da ba tare da hardening:

1. Tsire-tsire masu taurare: yana jure wa sanyi bazara da kaka da kyau. Tare da taurin da ya dace, tsire-tsire na iya tsayayya da asarar yawan zafin jiki zuwa -3-5 ° ba tare da asara ba.
2. Tsire-tsire marasa ƙarfi suna da matukar buƙata akan yanayin yanayin da suka faɗi, ba sa jurewa ko da ɗan ƙaramin zafin jiki. Yawancin lokaci yana girma a cikin greenhouses, inda babu yanayi don cikakken hardening.

A cikin yanayi mai wahala, tsire-tsire masu rauni da marasa ƙarfi za su mutu, kuma harbe masu ƙarfi za su yi girma kuma suna samar da ovaries masu amfani. A karkashin yanayin girma na greenhouse, yawancin harbe ba su da damar rayuwa lokacin da yanayin yanayi ya tsananta. Sabili da haka, a cikin yankin da ke da sanyin bazara na yau da kullun, yana da kyau a shuka nau’ikan da aka shuka a ƙarshen lokacin da yanayin zafi ya zama mafi dacewa.

Wuya

Seedling hardening – Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci matakai na shuka kula.

Tsire-tsire masu laushi na kabeji suna buƙatar shiri na wajibi don canjin zafin jiki, wanda dole ne a aiwatar da shi kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe.

Yawancin lokaci ana aiwatar da tsarin taurin kwanaki 8-10 kafin dasa shuki kuma an raba shi zuwa irin waɗannan matakan:

1. A cikin kwanakin farko daga farkon hardening, ana bada shawara don aiwatar da karamin iska mai tsabta a cikin greenhouse ko dakin da aka samo seedlings. Zai fi kyau buɗe taga don 4-5 hours. A wannan lokacin, harbe-harbe masu tsinke za su fara daidaitawa da daidaita yanayin yanayin zafi.
2. A cikin kwanaki 2-3 na gaba, ana ɗaukar iska mai kyau a waje da greenhouse (daki). Kyakkyawan zaɓi shine shigar da kwantena tare da seedlingsan kabeji a cikin lambun ko terrace. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa hasken rana mai haske yana da lahani ga harbe-harbe masu laushi, don haka ya kamata a rufe seedlings da wani abu mai bakin ciki wanda ya ba da damar iska ta shiga. Don wannan dalili, yana da kyau a yi amfani da gauze.
3. A rana ta shida da ta bakwai daga farkon hardening, wajibi ne a iyakance shayar da shuka don kada ƙasa ta bushe. Ya kamata tsire-tsire su kasance a waje duk rana, har sai an dasa su a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.

Hanyoyin fasaha

Don tabbatar da iyakar aminci a cikin yanayin sanyi, wajibi ne a aiwatar da hanyoyin fasaha na rigakafi masu zuwa:

1. Shiri na gadaje masu rufi. Don ƙirƙirar su, wajibi ne a cire saman saman ƙasa, sanya takin mai magani mara kyau, yayyafa shi da ammonium nitrate ko urea kuma a rufe shi da ƙasa da aka cire. Takin zai fara rushewa kuma ya samar da zafin da ake bukata. Amma dole ne ku bi matakan tsaro: tushen shuke-shuke kada ku taɓa takin mai magani.
2. Ana amfani da dasa shuki a cikin ramuka mai zurfi tare da takin mai magani idan babu gadaje keɓe. Irin waɗannan ramukan suna haifar da shinge mai kyau na iska kuma mafi kyawun riƙe danshi bayan shayarwa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen kariya na kabeji daga sanyi.
3. Yawan shayar da duk seedlings a cikin tsammanin raguwar zafin jiki. Watering yana da mahimmanci musamman ga seedling da gadaje na seedling.

ƙarshe

Iced kabeji seedlings suna jure wa da kyau idan an ɗauki matakan rigakafi akan lokaci: taurin kai, shirya gadaje masu keɓe (ko dasa shuki a cikin ramuka mai zurfi), yawan shayarwa kafin sanyaya.

Fari, masu launin, Brussels sprouts, da broccoli – duk waɗannan nau’ikan sun bambanta da fahimtar yanayin zafi mai sauƙi, daga juriya na sanyi (Brussels) zuwa zafi (launi) .Daskarewa na wani tsire-tsire ya dogara da takamaiman halaye na iri-iri. , yanayin tsiron, yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayin amfanin gona.