Kabeji na Beijing babban ma’ajiyar bitamin ne. Saboda daɗaɗɗen ɗanɗanon ganyen, ana amfani da kabeji na Beijing wajen shirya salati da kayan ciye-ciye iri-iri. Noman kabeji na Beijing a cikin ɗakin rani yana buƙatar fasahar aikin gona.
Noman kabeji na kasar Sin
Halayen shuka
An fara noman wannan amfanin gona a kasar Sin. Duk da cewa kabeji na Beijing yana da nau’in kabeji mai shekaru biyu, masu lambu suna girma a matsayin shuka mai shekara guda.
Beijing tana nufin nau’in kabeji mai sanyi. A zazzabi na 3-4 °, tsaba na kabeji na Beijing sun fara tsiro sosai. Amma tsarin ci gaba mai zurfi da ci gaban tsire-tsire yana farawa a zazzabi na 16-21 °. Idan ma’aunin zafin jiki ya zarce na al’ada, nan take tsire-tsire suka fara girma da yawa. A cikin bazara, tsayin hasken rana kuma yana rinjayar tsananin furanni.
Kuna iya shuka kabeji na kasar Sin a cikin tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire. Duk da haka, ana daukar noman tsiron kabeji na Beijing a matsayin mafi dacewa. Ana amfani da wannan hanya don samun farkon kabeji shugaban. Ana yin girbi makonni uku bayan dasa shuki a kan titi.
Seedling girma Hanyar
Yi la’akari da asirin girma wannan amfanin gona a cikin hanyar seedling.
Lokacin shuka iri
Don samun girbi mai kyau na kunnuwa, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kiyaye lokacin dasa shuki. Muna shuka tsaba na amfanin gona na tsawon watanni biyu daga lokacin shuka a cikin bude ƙasa, wato, a ƙarshen Maris, a cikin shekaru goma na farko na Afrilu. Shuka a wannan lokacin yana ba da damar samun girbi na farko ba kawai ba, har ma da girbi mai inganci na shugabannin kabeji ba tare da lahani da lalacewar kwaro ba. Idan kuna son jin daɗin wannan kayan lambu duk lokacin sanyi, kuna buƙatar shuka Beijing a ƙarshen Yuni.
Dabarar shuka
Akwai ƴan halaye da abubuwan girma waɗanda kowane mai lambu yakamata ya kware. Yi la’akari da hanyar da ta dace don shuka kabeji na Beijing.
- Ana ba da shawarar shuka kabeji na Beijing a cikin cakuda ƙasa ta musamman. Don shirye-shiryensa, ana amfani da sinadarai guda biyu: ƙwayar kwakwa da taki mai lalacewa a cikin rabo na 2: 1. A cikin irin wannan ƙasa maras kyau, tsire-tsire suna girma da sauri kuma suna da tsarin tushe mai kyau.
- Ganin taushin tsire-tsire na matasa da tsarin tushen su, girbi yana contraindicated a gare su. Don haka, don shuka iri na kabeji na Beijing, ana amfani da kananan kwantena. Zai fi kyau shuka tsaba a cikin allunan peat – uku kowanne.
- Shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 1.5 cm. Shuka tsaba na kabeji Peking yakamata su kasance cikin cakuda ƙasa mai yalwar ruwa. Ana yin shuka da noman kabeji na Beijing daga iri a cikin daki mai duhu a yanayin zafi.
Bayan bayyanar manyan harbe-harbe, ana fitar da kwantena tare da seedlings zuwa hasken rana.
Abubuwan Kulawa
Fasahar noma ta wannan amfanin gona ta ƙunshi wasu fasalulluka na kulawa:
- Yanayin zafin jiki. A lokacin wannan lokacin girma, seedlings suna buƙatar ƙananan zafin jiki, a cikin kewayon 8-9 ° zafi. A cikin irin wannan yanayin gida, amfanin gona yana girma a hankali, ba tare da mikewa ba. Ya kamata a ajiye su a kan windowsill ko a cikin baranda mai haske.
- Don shuka kabeji Peking daidai a gida, kuna buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun, wanda ake yi yayin da ƙasa ta bushe. Kwana daya bayan dasawa, ana aiwatar da hanyar sassauta ƙasa, wanda ke ƙara ɗanɗano da ƙarancin iska.
- Lokacin ƙin yarda da harbe-harbe mara kyau ya faɗi akan lokacin bayyanar ganye da yawa akan seedlings. An bar tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi, amma masu rauni suna jan hankali ko cire su.
- Bayan haka, seedlings suna shirye don dasawa
Dasawa seedlings
Ana iya dasa shuki a lokacin da ganye na uku suka bayyana
Za a iya dasa tsire-tsire matasa masu dumi zuwa wurin. Ana dasa tsire-tsire matasa zuwa gado, kuma ana gudanar da kulawa ta gaba a matakin fitowar harbe tare da nau’ikan ganye guda uku.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Zai fi kyau a zaɓi filin hasken rana mai haske Dole ne a shirya ƙasa a gaba:
- yana buƙatar zurfin tono a cikin fall,
- lemun tsami,
- a cikin bazara, ana yin takin tare da humus (guga na taki a kowace 1 m2 na ƙasa), sannan sake tono.
Zai fi kyau a dasa tsire-tsire matasa zuwa wani wuri tare da sako-sako, m, numfashi da ƙasa mai gina jiki. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin lambun, ƙasa dole ne a dasa shi da kyau. Ƙasar laka ita ce mafi dacewa da wannan amfanin gona.
Ana ba da shawarar shuka wannan amfanin gona bayan:
- karas,
- albasa albasa,
- cucumbers,
- baba,
- tsire-tsire na siderata.
Ba a ba da shawarar shuka kabeji na kasar Sin bayan tumatir da beets. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna fama da cututtuka iri ɗaya kamar kabeji.
Dasawa
Ana gudanar da dashen kabeji na kasar Sin a budaddiyar kasa bayan kwanaki goma na taurin kai. Ana kawo harbe-harbe na kabeji na Beijing zuwa farfajiyar kowace rana, yana kara lokacin taurin kowace rana.
Da zaran tsire-tsire sun dace da yanayin titi, ana dasa su akan wurin. Bayan ‘yan kwanaki kafin dasawa, tsire-tsire suna daina watering. Ana yin shayarwa mai yawa kafin dasa shuki.
Wajibi ne a shuka tsire-tsire a nesa na 20 cm daga juna. A lokaci guda, tazarar jere shine 0,5 m.
Idan kuna girma kabeji na Beijing don samar da abubuwan motsa jiki, nisa tsakanin ramukan zai zama 30cm, tazarar jere zai zama 0,5m.
Muna dasa seedlings a matakin farko. Ramin da aka tara.A cikin kowane rami kana buƙatar saka 30 g na takin mai magani phosphate, 500 g na itace ash da 15 g na takin duniya – urea (urea). Ana hada takin da kasa sannan a shayar da shi sosai. Tsire-tsire, tare da kwamfutar hannu peat, ana saukar da su a cikin rami da aka haƙa, an shuka su kuma an tattake su da sauƙi.
Abubuwan Kulawa
Samar da kabeji tare da kulawa mai kyau
Kabeji na Beijing yana buƙatar kulawa mai dacewa da lokaci.
‘Yan Gudun Hijira
Bayan kammala saukowa na kabeji Peking a kan gado, ya kamata a rufe shi da yadudduka maras saƙa. Wannan wajibi ne don dalilai masu zuwa:
- Ta yadda za a kare shuka daga sanyin bazara da kuma canjin yanayi kwatsam.
- Hasken rana na farko yana da matukar illa ga tsire-tsire masu tasowa kuma yana iya ƙone su sosai. Kayan da ba a saka ba zai zama kyakkyawan kariya daga zafin rana.
- Irin wannan tsari zai kare tsire-tsire daga lalacewa a lokacin yawan ruwan sama da ruwan sama.
- Kumburi na cruciferous yana daya daga cikin mafi hatsarin cututtuka na kabeji, ciki har da Peking. Kayan da ba a saka ba zai kare tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire daga lalacewa ta wannan ƙwayar cuta.
- Kabeji da aka rufe da irin wannan abu da dare zai zama da sauri don ɗaure kawunansu.
Mulching da weeding
A cikin aikin noman kabeji na kasar Sin, an murkushe wani yanki mai shuka, kuma ana gabatar da ciyawa bayan makonni biyu bayan dasa tsire-tsire a cikin lambun. Ana amfani da cakuda peat da bambaro mai kyau azaman ciyawa. Har ila yau, a cikin ci gaba da ci gaba, ƙasa da ke kewaye da tsire-tsire ana kwance a hankali kuma ana cire ciyawa yayin da suke girma.
Watse
Idan ka yanke shawarar shuka kabeji na kasar Sin, kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa yana da isasshen ruwa, wanda ba a yi shi ba fiye da sau ɗaya a mako. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin tushen tare da ruwa a cikin zafin jiki. A cikin tsarin shayarwa, yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa ruwan ba ya fada a kan m ganye, in ba haka ba za su iya rot. Ana shayarwa da safe ko da yamma.
Don kauce wa bushewa da sauri na ƙasa, washegari bayan shayarwa, ƙasan da ke kewaye da tsire-tsire ana kwance kuma an rufe shi da ciyawa.
Da takin mai magani
Girma da kula da kabeji na Beijing ya haɗa da maimaita hadi.
Ana aiwatar da abinci na farko makonni biyu bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da mahaɗan kwayoyin halitta. Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan abinci da yawa waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don Beijing:
- narke 1 lita. mullein a cikin lita 10. Ruwa,
- kaji taki taki – 1 l. Abubuwan sun narke a cikin lita 20. Ruwa,
- jiko na ganye – 1 l. An narkar da sabo da albarkatun ƙasa a cikin 9 l. Ruwa.
A cikin shuka yana ciyarwa l. gama sutura. Ya kamata a ciyar da kabeji da aka dasa a cikin bazara sau uku a duk lokacin kakar, idan za ku shuka irin wannan nau’in kabeji a lokacin rani, manyan riguna guda biyu na duk lokacin girma sun wadatar. Ana gabatar da su a lokacin lokacin girma girma shuka don ƙara yawan ƙwayar kore. Don waɗannan dalilai, yi amfani da mafita mai zuwa:
- 1 l. Ruwan zafi,
- 3 g na boric acid.
Sakamakon cakuda ya kasance har zuwa ƙarar lita 10. Ruwan sanyi Ana yin ban ruwa na sassan shuke-shuken da daddare. A cikin waɗannan yanayi na kulawa da kulawa, Beijing tana girma sosai da sauri, kuma mafi mahimmanci – tana kawo girbi mai daɗi da ɗanɗano na kawun kabeji.
Furewa
Kan kabeji na iya girma zuwa kilo biyu
A cikin yankuna na Rasha tare da yanayin yanayi mai dumi, mafi kyawun lokacin shuka – farkon bazara ko ƙarshen kaka. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki bai wuce al’ada ba (7-9 ° C) kuma lokacin hasken rana ya fi guntu, kawunan kabeji ba sa harbi. Rigakafin Kabeji ya fi sauƙi a yankunan arewacin Rasha, musamman Siberiya, inda yanayi ya yi sanyi.
A farkon girma, tsire-tsire suna samar da ƙaramin fure mai ganye. Sa’an nan kuma, yayin da abubuwan gina jiki suka taru, tsire-tsire suna samar da wani tsayin kan kabeji. Kawukan suna da girma, suna yin nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 2.
A cikin yanayin greenhouse
Yi la’akari da yadda ake shuka kabeji na kasar Sin a cikin yanayin greenhouse. Fasaha don dasa kabeji na Beijing a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate ya bambanta kadan daga halayen dasa shuki a cikin lambun. Ana kiyaye tsarin dasa iri ɗaya da yawa. Gaskiya ne, yanayin girma na wannan amfanin gona a cikin greenhouse ya ɗan bambanta.
Zazzabi a cikin greenhouse don seedlings ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 14-19 °. Idan zafin jiki ya wuce al’ada, tsire-tsire za su fara samar da launi. Tsire-tsire masu saurin harbi suna yin sako-sako da kawunan kabeji marasa daɗi. Bugu da ƙari, yawan zafin jiki na iya haifar da ci gaban cututtuka daban-daban a cikin tsire-tsire.
Matsayin zafi mai kyau a cikin greenhouse shine kusan 80%.
Ana shuka kabeji na Beijing a cikin greenhouse ta hanyar amfani da iri da hanyoyin shuka. Mafi kyawun kwanakin shuka a cikin yanayin greenhouse shine tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Maris. Kuna iya shuka wannan amfanin gona tare da tsaba, a tsakiyar Afrilu. Hanyar seedling yana ba ku damar samun amfanin gona mako guda kafin hanyar dasa iri.
Ana aiwatar da dasa shuki ko tsaba a cikin ƙasa ɗaya kamar yadda lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe. A lokacin noma, ana ciyar da kabeji da kwayoyin halitta da takin ma’adinai masu dauke da abubuwa na nitrogen.
Yadda zaka kare kanka daga mutuwa
Zai fi kyau kada a shuka kabeji na kasar Sin idan ba za ku iya ba wa wannan amfanin gona kulawa da yanayin da ya dace ba, kamar yadda al’adar ta nuna, har ma da gogaggun lambu suna fuskantar matsalar noman wannan amfanin gona. Tsire-tsire suna yawan kamuwa da cuta kuma kwari suna cutar da su. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a san ba kawai yadda za a shuka kabeji na Beijing yadda ya kamata ba, har ma don kare shi daga lalacewa ta hanyar microflora pathogenic.
Karin kwari
- kabeji sprouts da kwari,
- ƙuma,
- asu,
- asu,
- kwari, aphids,
- lambu cokali,
- sauro karama,
- wayaworms,
- flower beetles,
- bears.
a kan ganyen tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta na iya fitowa, baƙar fata, ja, aibobi masu launin rawaya. Ramin da ke cikin ganyayyakin ya nuna cewa shugaban ƙwaro na ganyen ya shafa.
Cututtuka
Cututtuka irin su fusarium wilt, baƙar fata kafafu, alternariosis, farar rot, bacteriosis ba su da haɗari ga dasa shuki tasoshin jini, phomosis, black spots da sauransu.
Idan kun lura da ɗigon baƙar fata, ratsi, launin rawaya a kan ganyen shuke-shuke, to, wasu nau’ikan cututtuka sun shafe su. Kwari da tabo ya shafa suna canza launin kore na halitta. Sun zama rawaya sannan su yi baki.
Rigakafin da magani
Dole ne a yaki kwari
Don shuka amfanin gona mai inganci, dole ne ku fara bin ka’idodin noma da wannan amfanin gona kuma ku tabbatar an kula da shi sosai.
Idan kwari sun riga sun bayyana a wurin ko tsire-tsire sun kamu da kowace cuta, dole ne a dauki matakan gaggawa.
A cikin yaki da cututtukan fungal, ana amfani da fungicides na tsarin kamar Quadris, Fundazole, Topaz ko Ridomil.
Abubuwan shuka na wannan amfanin gona ba su da juriya ga cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Don haka, idan kun sami blackheads akan ganyen shuka, dole ne a cire su cikin gaggawa daga wurin don kare lafiyayyen samfurori. Dole ne a ƙone tsire-tsire da suka lalace.
Ana iya lalata kwari na ganye ta amfani da maganin kwari ko insectoacaricides.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa a cikin yaki da kwari, ana iya yin magani na ƙarshe ba bayan wata daya kafin girbi. In ba haka ba, shugabannin za su kasance masu guba kuma basu dace da amfani ba.
Tari da adana wuraren siyarwa
Kuna iya adana kawunan kabeji a wuri mai sanyi har zuwa Oktoba. Don ajiya na dogon lokaci, kabeji da aka dasa a lokacin rani ya dace. Kabeji da aka dasa a cikin bazara ba ya adana na dogon lokaci.
An fara girbi daga lokacin da kabeji ya yi yawa. An nannade kawunan kabeji a cikin fim din abinci kuma an sanya su a cikin akwatunan katako. Mafi kyawun wurin ajiya na dogon lokaci zai zama kowane ɗakin sanyi na ginshiƙi.
Adana kowane nau’in kabeji yana buƙatar wasu sharuɗɗa:
- thermal yanayi jere daga 0 zuwa 3 °,
- zafi iska – 90-95%.
A cikin yanayin gida, idan babu ginshiƙi don adana kabeji, zaku iya amfani da baranda mai glazed. Babban abu shine cewa yanayin zafin jiki ba ya faɗi ƙasa 0 °.
Mafi kyawun nau’in kabeji na kasar Sin
Yi la’akari da shahararrun nau’in kabeji na kasar Sin, mai inganci da kuma tsayayya da cututtuka daban-daban. A halin yanzu, zaku iya siyan nau’ikan nau’ikan Peking Dutch da Jafananci ta hanyar odar su akan layi akan gidan yanar gizon masana’anta.
Tushen farko
Nau’in da suka fara girma na farko suna da juriya ga tsiro, kuma wannan shine Babban Halayensu. Irin waɗannan nau’ikan sun fi shahara tare da masu lambu:
- spring ciyawa,
- Yayyafa,
- zakara,
- asten,
- tausayi,
- soyayya,
- nagoka 50,
- leko.
Wani nau’in Peking na farko da nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in: Monaco, Northern Beauty, Mandarin Orange, Optic, Spectrum, Tenderness, Marfa, Victoria, Hydra.
Lokacin maturation na farkon balagagge iri daga lokacin shuka shine kusan watanni biyu. Saboda haka, sun fi dacewa da yankunan tsakiya na Rasha.
Tsakiya da marigayi
Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da mafi yawan nau’in kabeji na kasar Sin fiye da rukunin jinsin farko da na marigayi:
- gilashin,
- gurneti,
- sparrows,
- nadi,
- Cha Cha dance,
- kyawun kaka,
- dunkulewa.
Lokacin maturation na waɗannan nau’ikan ya bambanta daga kwanaki 65 zuwa 75. Nauyin kututture shine 2.5-3 kg. A cikin yankuna na tsakiyar yankin, mafi yawan nau’ikan da aka noma shine cha-cha, brocken.
Late
Tun da wannan kayan lambu ya girma da sauri sosai, nau’ikan marigayi ba su da yawa:
- nick,
- parking lot,
- abin tunawa,
- girman rusa,
- nozaki.
Ultra-balagagge
Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan iri biyu masu daɗi waɗanda ake kira Shanghai da broadleaf. High-samar da gwaggwabar riba hybrids balagagge a kan XNUMXth rana daga lokacin da iri shuka.
Nau’in Khibinskaya na cikin nau’in ripening da wuri ne da aka warke. Lokacin maturation na shugabannin a cikin filin bude shine kwanaki 40, a cikin rufaffiyar – kwanaki 25.
Nau’in yanki
Mafi kyawun nau’ikan don tsakiyar Rasha da Urals sune orange mandarin, Beijing express.
