Kabeji na Yuni ya shahara ga masu lambu saboda farkon balaga. Sunansa yana magana da kansa: a watan Yuni, kabeji yana shirye don amfani.
Bayanin nau’in iyakar watan Yuni
Característica
Bisa ga bayanin, farin kabeji daga farkon watan Yuni yana da siffar zagaye,
- ,
- wani hali koren launi, kusa da tsakiyar, wanda smoothly juya rawaya-kore,
- matsakaicin tsayin abin motsawa,
- lokacin ciyayi shine kwanaki 90-100;
- nauyi – 1-2 kg,
- yawan aiki na 5-7 kg da 1 square. m.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Farin kabeji na Yuni yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin maturation, kuma lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin ƙasa buɗe, yana da tsayayya ga sanyin bazara, yana iya jure sanyi -5 ° C:
- shugaban kabeji yana da yawa, baya fashe a lokacin ruwa mai nauyi,
- ya ƙunshi babban adadin bitamin C,
- yana da ɗanɗano mai laushi da ɗanɗano kuma ya dace da kowane irin salads na bazara-rani.
Dangane da halayyar, farkon watan Yuni iri-iri iri-iri na kabeji shima yana da lahani: ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwar shiryayye kuma suna rasa ɗanɗano lokacin dafa abinci ko fermented.
Shuka iri-iri
Kuna iya dasa iri-iri a cikin kowane yanayin NTA, amma don samun girbi mai kyau ya zama dole a bi wasu ƙa’idodin zaɓi na irin waɗannan kayan lambu.
Tsaba
Abu na farko da za a yi kafin saukowa kabeji da wuri -. Zaɓi iri na farko. Kada ku yi gwaji a cikin wannan al’amari, ba da fifiko ga tsaba da aka gwada. Ana siyan su daga mai ƙira mai inganci, saboda tsaba bazai da lasisi kuma basu dace da shuka ba saboda yanayin ajiya mara kyau. Tabbatar kula da ranar karewa: ba za ku iya shuka kayan da ya ƙare ba, an rage garantin germination zuwa 20%.
Yawancin lokaci
Ana shirya ƙasa don girma iri a cikin kaka.
Don wannan, an haxa ƙasa ciyawa da humus (1: 1), ash an ƙara su (10 tablespoons da 10 kg na cakuda). Duk wannan an haɗa shi gaba ɗaya, toka yana hana cututtukan tushen, yana da maganin antiseptik na halitta, yana da wadatar micro da macro abubuwa masu amfani. Ana iya amfani da peat maimakon ciyawa.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa cakuda da aka shirya shi ne m, sako-sako da sauƙi ya wuce oxygen zuwa tushen. Ƙasa daga gonar da aka shuka tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a baya ba za a iya amfani da su ba: yana da babban abun ciki na ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke tasiri ga ci gaban kayan lambu.
Lokacin shuka
Seedlings ana shuka su bayan kwanaki 50
Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka tsaba na kabeji na farko shine Maris 1 zuwa Maris 28. A wasu yankuna na Rasha da Ukraine, wannan lokacin yana canzawa zuwa kwanan wata – tsakiyar Fabrairu zuwa tsakiyar Maris.
Lokacin germination na tsaba a cikin ƙasa, daga shuka zuwa bayyanar farkon harbe, shine kwanaki 10. Lokacin daga bayyanar farkon harbe zuwa shuka a cikin bude ƙasa shine kwanaki 50-55.
Ya kamata a yi shuka iri 60-65 kafin dasa shuki, da kwanaki 30-35 bayan dasa shuki.
sarrafa iri
Kusan duk irin iri da ake sayar da su a shagunan sun wuce sarrafa su. Dole ne a nuna wannan akan marufi. Idan hakan bai faru ba, dole ne ku aiwatar da sarrafa da kanku.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don bi da tsaba kafin shuka: jiƙa a cikin Aloe, a cikin maganin ash, a cikin potassium permanganate, a cikin hydrogen peroxide.
Hanyar da aka fi sani da magani ita ce dumama tsaba a cikin ruwan zafi (50 ° C) na minti 20 (zaka iya amfani da thermos don wannan). Bayan sanyaya tsaba tare da ruwan sanyi (minti 5). Wannan yana ƙara juriya na shuka ga cututtuka na tushen tsarin.
Shuka da girbi
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwandunan da aka shirya ko kwalaye tare da ƙasa, jiƙa ƙasa da kyau. Don kauce wa yiwuwar cututtuka masu tasowa, bayan dasa shuki da kuma kafin bayyanar farkon seedlings, ba a shayar da ƙasa ba.
Bayan fitowar, ana fitar da tsire-tsire na farko, suna barin yanki 2 x 2 cm cikin girman don seedling. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka girma kadan (1 ko 2 zasu bayyana a cikin seedling na leaflet), nutse shi. Yankin tarin shine 3 x 3 cm.
Makonni 2 bayan girbi, ana dasa shuki a cikin tukwane (filastik ko peat). Wurin dasa shuki seedling shine 5 x 5 cm.
Ana iya yin noman tsaba a cikin tukwane daban. Tare da wannan hanyar dasa shuki, tushen tushen bai lalace ba, yana da babban adadin girma.
Haskewa
Don kyakkyawan shuka da haɓaka tsarin tushen, tsire-tsire na hasken rana kaɗan ne, don haka yi amfani da phytolamp mai haske. Hasken seedlings yana ɗaukar awanni 14 a rana.
Temperatura
Lokacin da suke girma seedlings, suna sarrafa zafin jiki a cikin dakin. Babban zafin jiki na iska yana da haɗari musamman. Kafin farkon seedlings ya bayyana, mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 18-19 ° C, bayan germination na seedling, zafin jiki bai kamata ya kasance ƙasa da 15-17 ° C a rana da 8-10 ° C da dare. . Irin waɗannan bambance-bambance sun hana shuka daga cirewa, yana taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa tushen tsarin.
Babban sutura
Lokacin da shuka yana cikin tukwane ko kaset, yana buƙatar abinci na yau da kullun da daidaitacce.
Nitrogen, phosphorous, da takin mai magani na potassium sun dace a matsayin babban tufa. Ana ciyar da ciyarwa sau 3: mako guda bayan shuka, makonni 2 bayan ciyarwar da ta gabata da kuma ‘yan kwanaki kafin dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa.
Tsarin hardening
Don farin kabeji ya iya yin tushe da kyau a cikin ƙasa, suna jagorantar hardening. Ana aiwatar da hanyar kwanaki 10 kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe.
Kwanakin farko a cikin dakin da aka samo seedlings, bude taga don 2-4 hours. A cikin kwanaki 4 masu zuwa, ana tura seedlings zuwa titi ko zuwa baranda a lokaci guda. Don kare kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye, an rufe seedlings da gauze.
Bayan mako guda, seedlings sun kasance a kan titi, yayin da rage yawan ruwa kuma ba bushewa da ƙasa ba.
Yana da kyau a dasa shuka bayan 4-5 cikakkun ganye na kabeji.
ƙarshe
Juni kabeji zai ba da girbi mai kyau da lafiya, bisa wasu dokoki don dasa shuki da girma.
