Dokokin girma farin kabeji –

Girman farin kabeji ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Ba duk masu lambu ba ne suka san duk abubuwan da ke tattare da dasa shuki wannan amfanin gona da kuma kula da shi. Bari mu ga yadda ake girma farin kabeji.

Dokokin girma farin kabeji

Lokacin shuka tsaba don seedlings

Shuka tsaba na farin kabeji yana faruwa a matakai da yawa, dangane da lokacin girma na wani iri-iri. Ana ba da shawarar nau’ikan iri na farko don shuka a ƙarshen Fabrairu. A wannan lokacin yana da kyau a ajiye kwantena a cikin gida don tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye iri da kyau a gida Bayan kwanaki 40 an samar da tsire-tsire (tsarin tushen yana tasowa kuma nau’i-nau’i na manyan ganye suna tasowa da furanni), bayan haka za’a iya dasa shi. a cikin bude ƙasa.

Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka iri na tsakiyar farawa shine tsakiyar Maris. A ƙarshen Afrilu, an riga an dasa iri iri. Kwanakin shuka sun dogara ne akan juriyar sanyi na nau’in. Daga baya iri sun fi kamuwa da sanyi, don haka yakamata a shuka su lokacin da yanayin ya daidaita akan titi.

Farin kabeji seedling namo

Shirye-shiryen iri

Shuka tsaba na farin kabeji a gida yana faruwa ne kawai bayan kun bi duk matakan disinfection da sarrafawa.

1. Ya kamata a sanya kayan shuka a cikin akwati da aka cika da ruwan dumi (kimanin 45-55 ° C) na minti 30.
2. Bayan haka, ya kamata a cire tsaba kuma a wanke sosai a ƙarƙashin matsa lamba na ruwan sanyi. s.
3. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar saka su na tsawon sa’o’i 10-13 a cikin maganin manganese don halakar da duk kwayoyin cutarwa da abubuwan ganowa.
4. Bayan sarrafawa, ana sake wanke tsaba da ruwan sanyi na minti 1. .
5. Sa’an nan kuma suna buƙatar a sanya su a cikin firiji don kwana ɗaya don shirya don dasa shuki furen fure a nan gaba.

Bayan tsaba sun bushe, kuna buƙatar dasa su a cikin kwantena daban. (Ya kamata a shuka tsaba 2-3 a kowace tukunya). Wannan zai ƙara germination. Shuka farin kabeji a cikin akwati ya kamata a yi a zurfin akalla 1 cm.

Farin kabeji seedlings

Farin kabeji seedling namo dole ne a yi a karkashin wasu yanayi. Har sai farkon harbe ya bayyana, kuna buƙatar bi da zazzabi na dakin kimanin 20 ° C. Bayan bayyanar harbe, ya fadi zuwa 6 °. Ya kamata a nuna kwantena a kan taga don ingantacciyar haske. Bayan mako guda, tsarin tsarin zafin jiki ya kamata ya kasance kamar haka: a lokacin rana – kimanin 18 ° C, kuma da dare har zuwa 8 ° C. Wannan zai ba da damar dasawa don shirya canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki bayan dasa shuki a cikin filin bude.

Aikin noman farin kabeji daga tsaba (wato, samun seedlings) dole ne ya kasance tare da matakan kulawa. A wannan lokacin, wajibi ne don aiwatar da cikakken shayarwa (lokaci 1 a cikin kwanaki 3), ciyar da seedlings (kimanin 20 g na humus a kowace tukunya) da kuma cire duk weeds. Bayan farkon ganye na farko sun bayyana, ana shayar da tsire-tsire a hankali tare da ruwa na Bordeaux don rage haɗarin cutar. lokacin da nau’i-nau’i biyu na manyan ganye suka bayyana akan tsire-tsire. Wannan yawanci yana faruwa a farkon Afrilu (na farkon iri). Farin kabeji shuka na farkon matsakaici iri-iri ya kamata ya faru a cikin marigayi Afrilu. Farin kabeji marigayi lokacin dasa yana faruwa a tsakiyar watan Mayu.

Kwanaki 7 kafin tsarin da aka tsara, duk kayan dole ne a bi da su tare da superphosphate. Wannan zai rage haɗarin kwari da cututtuka, da inganta rigakafin shuka ga muhalli.

Shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Kabeji shuka ne mai son zafi

Ba za a yi dasa shuki na farin kabeji a cikin yanayin rana ba. Zai fi kyau idan rana ce mai iska da gajimare. Wannan zai kare seedlings daga wuce haddi hasken rana da tushen tsarin fari. Kuna buƙatar ƙayyade inda za ku iya shuka amfanin gona. Ana ba da shawarar zaɓar wuraren da ke da hasken rana sosai – wannan al’ada tana cikin nau’ikan masu son zafi. Ya kamata a aiwatar da shukar farin kabeji a cikin irin wannan ƙasa, ma’aunin acid-base wanda bai wuce 5%. Idan matakin alkali a cikin ƙasa ya yi girma, to ana bi da shi da lemun tsami.

Sai kawai shuka shuka a cikin ƙasa da aka shirya. A gaba, a cikin fall, tono ƙasa a cikin lambun tare da felu. A cikin bazara, ‘yan makonni kafin dasa shuki, yana da mahimmanci don yin humus ko takin. Wannan zai ciyar da ƙasar kuma ya sa ta zama mai albarka. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da cakuda da aka shirya na musamman: superphosphate, ash itace da humus ana haɗe su daidai gwargwado. Ana amfani da takin a cikin adadin 500 g a kowace 1 m2.

Fasahar shuka

Dole ne a kula da shukar farin kabeji tare da kulawa ta musamman. Wannan al’adar tana da saurin kamuwa da abubuwan muhalli mara kyau. Da zaran an keta yanayin dasawa da kyau, amfanin gona na iya mutuwa. Ana ba da shawarar kula da kalandar Lunar mai lambu, inda aka nuna duk ka’idodin dasa shuki.

Tsarin dasa shuki seedlingsan farin kabeji ya dogara da nau’in da kuka zaɓa. Nisa da aka ba da shawarar tsakanin tsire-tsire shine kusan 40 cm. Fasaha don shuka amfanin gona yana ba da nisa na 50-60 cm. Ya kamata shukar farin kabeji ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire waɗanda aka nutsar a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin kusan 7 cm.

Dasa shuki furannin farin kabeji ya kamata a aiwatar da shi kawai bayan ƙasa ta dumi har zuwa 10 ° C. In ba haka ba, tsarin tushen zai mutu kuma yawan aiki zai ragu sosai. Idan kun yanke shawarar shuka farin kabeji a watan Afrilu, kuna buƙatar kula da matsugunin polycarbonate don tsire-tsire. Ana yin haka ne don kare su daga canje-canjen zafin jiki na kwatsam a waje. Sau ɗaya a rana, ana bada shawara don ɗaga fim ɗin don tsire-tsire su sami iskar oxygen. Ya kamata a ƙara tazarar iskar iska ta yau da kullun. Da zarar ya kai sa’o’i 5-7 a rana, zaka iya cire kayan rufewa gaba daya.

Kuna iya dasa farin kabeji daga tsaba. Ba tare da gangan ba, ana shuka amfanin gona ne kawai a cikin yankunan da bazara ke farawa da wuri kuma sanyin hunturu ya ƙare a ƙarshen Maris. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka farin kabeji daga iri shine farkon Afrilu. Kayan yana tsiro, koda yanayin zafin jiki shine 5-7 ° C, amma idan zai yiwu, yana da kyau a ajiye seedlings a cikin greenhouse har zuwa farkon Mayu.

Kulawar farin kabeji

Dole ne a kula da tsirrai da kyau

Amfanin amfanin gona ba shi da tsayayya ga abubuwan muhalli mara kyau (iska, rana, zafi mai zafi, da sauransu). Garanti mai inganci mai inganci: kulawa mai dacewa da lokaci.

Farin kabeji yana buƙatar shayarwa akan lokaci, takin mai inganci, da cire ciyawa akai-akai. Yana da mahimmanci don sassauta ƙasa da kyau don tsarin tushen ya sami daidaitaccen adadin danshi, abubuwan gina jiki, da iskar oxygen. Haɓaka ingancin mafi yawan nau’ikan farin kabeji yana dogara kai tsaye kan yadda tasirin kawar da sako da matakan sassautawa suke.

Ana bada shawara don sassauta ƙasa zuwa zurfin akalla 7 cm. Wannan wajibi ne don samar da tushen tushen da duk abubuwan da ake bukata. Ya kamata a cire ciyawa kowane kwanaki 4-5 bayan shayarwa. Dole ne a cika wannan yanayin don kada ciyayi su tsoma baki tare da ci gaban tushen.

Ka’idar ban ruwa

Dole ne a yi shayarwa akai-akai don girma farin kabeji yadda ya kamata. Domin watanni da yawa bayan shuka, ana aiwatar da shayarwa kusan sau 1 a cikin kwanaki 3-4. Bayan ‘yan watanni, zaku iya saduwa da tazara na lokaci 1 a mako.

Adadin ruwa yana kusan 7l a kowace 1m2. Da zaran tsiron ya fara girma, ya kamata a ƙara yawan ruwan da ake bayarwa. Don kada ya lalata shuka ta hanyar shayarwa mai yawa, yana da mahimmanci a kula da yanayin: idan hazo ya faɗi sau da yawa, kuma ƙasa ta riga ta cika da danshi ta 8-10 cm, yana da kyau a daina shayarwa, saboda wannan na iya haifar da rubewar tushen.

Abincin

A lokacin girma, amfanin gona ya kamata ya sami taki kamar sau 3. Tufafin farko na farko, wanda aka yi kwanaki 20 bayan shuka a cikin ƙasa buɗe, ya kamata ya haɗa da abubuwan halitta. A wannan lokaci, zaka iya amfani da maganin zubar da shanu. Shirye-shiryen yana da sauƙi: a cikin lita 10 na ruwan dumi kuna buƙatar tayar da kimanin kilogiram 3 na mullein. Akalla lita 1 na maganin ana zubawa akan tushen kowace shuka.

Yana da mahimmanci a kula da manyan riguna guda biyu masu zuwa.

Ana yin taki na biyu mako daya da rabi bayan jiyya ta farko. Ya ƙunshi mullein. Mahimmancin wannan suturar shine cewa an ƙara ƙarin Art 1. lKristalin – yana ba da magani ba kawai ba, har ma da rigakafin cututtuka masu kyau. An zuba cakuda da aka shirya a cikin tushen a cikin ƙarar lita 1,2 a kowace daji 1.

Na uku subcortex yana faruwa a lokacin samuwar tayin. A matsayinka na yau da kullum, ana amfani da takin ma’adinai a wannan lokacin. Kimanin gram 5 na Nitrofox da 200 grams na potassium chloride ya kamata a diluted a cikin lita 5 na ruwan dumi. Akalla 1,5 l na bayani an zuba a kowane daji.

Cututtukan gama gari

Daga cikin cututtukan da aka fi sani da amfanin gona da aka fallasa su ana ɗaukar alternariosis. Baƙar fata ko launin ruwan kasa sun fara bayyana akan shuka, bayan haka ganyen ya bushe ya faɗi. Kuna iya yaƙi da cutar tare da magunguna waɗanda suka haɗa da jan ƙarfe (Liquid Bordeaux, jan karfe sulfate, ko sulfur). Zai fi kyau kada a yi amfani da wasu hanyoyin sarrafawa, saboda suna iya yin mummunar tasiri akan yawan al’ada.

Keel yana bayyana kansa a cikin samuwar blisters a cikin tushen tsarin. Suna kai ga mutuwar dukan shuka. Kuna iya yaki da cutar ta hanyar da aka tabbatar – itace ash. Ana shafawa kowane kwanaki 10 har sai an kawar da cutar gaba daya. Hakanan za’a iya amfani da garin Dolomite – ana ƙara shi cikin ruwa don ban ruwa.

Abubuwan da ke kan zoben suna da haɗari sosai ga shuka. Babban alamunsa shine bayyanar ɗigon baƙi a duk faɗin daji. Kuna iya kawar da cutar kawai tare da taimakon magani na musamman tare da shirye-shirye na fungicidal.Wet rot, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin wuraren duhu na ruwa, an lalata shi da colloidal sulfur. Wajibi ne a datse da zubar da duk ganyen da suka lalace daga amfanin gona.

Babban alamun Fusarium shine kasancewar ganyen rawaya, waɗanda ba su da ɗanɗano a cikin ‘ya’yan itacen daji. Kuna iya kawar da shi tare da taimakon Benomil, wanda ake amfani dashi don noma ƙasa a cikin lambun kowane kwanaki 7-9.

ƙarshe

Don fahimtar yadda ake girma seedlingsan farin kabeji, kuna buƙatar sanin fasali na fasahar aikin gona na wannan al’ada da kuma sirrin noman sa. Ingancin da adadin amfanin gonar da aka samu ya dogara da kulawar da ta dace.