Ana buƙatar a rufe tsire-tsire na kabeji don haɓaka haɓakar shuka. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da taki, ash da droppings kaza ko takin ma’adinai – potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen.
Ciyar da kabeji seedlings
Farko ciyar kabeji
A karo na farko ana amfani da takin zamani bayan dasa iri a cikin ƙasa. A wannan lokacin, ganye da mai tushe sun fara samun ƙarfi. Ana amfani da takin Nitrogen don ciyar da tsire-tsire na kabeji.
Tun kafin shuka, ramukan suna cike da cakuda taki na musamman. Don dafa abinci za ku buƙaci:
- 600 g na takin, maimakon wanda zaka iya ɗaukar adadin humus iri ɗaya;
- 2 tsp. nitrophosphate ko superphosphate;
- 2-3 tsp. l itace ash.
Ana ƙara cakuda da aka shirya zuwa kowace rijiya. Bayan wannan hanya, shuka ya fi girma a cikin greenhouses ko a cikin bude ƙasa kuma yana ba da amfanin gona mai kyau.
Hadi bayan girbi
Bayan girbi, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire na kabeji tare da maganin ammoniya. Don yin wannan, ɗauki 4 g na ammonium nitrate, 2 g na potassium chloride da 5 g na superphosphate. Ana haxa dukkan abubuwan da aka gyara a cikin lita 1 na ruwa. Wannan ya isa ga 3-4 bushes.
Ana yin suturar saman na biyu 12-15 kwanaki bayan na farko. An yi shi a kan 3-5 g na ammonium nitrate. Ana tayar da shi a cikin lita 1 na ruwa. Ana shayar da bushes nan da nan bayan shiri na maganin.
Ana amfani da taki don seedlingsan kabeji a karo na uku ba daga baya fiye da kwanaki 10 kafin shuka ba. Abubuwan da ke tattare da taki yayi kama da na farko. Ɗauki 6 g na ammonium nitrate, 4 g na potassium chloride, 15 g na superphosphate. An haxa dukkan abubuwan da aka gyara kuma an diluted a cikin 2 l na ruwa, an bar su don yin sa’o’i 2-3, sannan a kai su zuwa rijiyoyin da aka shirya a baya.
Hadadden takin mai magani
Tsire-tsire na kabeji waɗanda ke yin takin tare da nitrogen yana da tasiri ga ci gaban tsire-tsire, amma yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin mai magani masu rikitarwa waɗanda ke haɗa abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta da ma’adinai.
Nau’in takin mai magani wanda ya dace da kabeji na farko:
- 1 lita na mullein diluted a cikin lita 15 na ruwa;
- 1.5 kwalaye na ammonium nitrate gauraye da 12 l na ruwa,
- 25 g na potassium diluted a cikin 15 l na ruwa;
- cakuda 250 g na ash da 65 g na superphosphate diluted a cikin 15 l na ruwa.
- bayani na 15 g na potassium chloride, 15 g na urea da 25 g na superphosphate, diluted a cikin 15 l na ruwa.
Ya kamata a gabatar da waɗannan takin a ƙarƙashin kowane daji na seedling 500 ml. Idan pH na gado yana da acidic, ya kamata a gabatar da takin gargajiya na tushen alli, ash na itace. Al’ada – 200 ml da 1 square. m.
Ma’adinan hadi
Dole ne mu taki
Mafi kyawun magani shine nitrophoska. Wannan hadadden na phosphorus, potassium da takin mai magani na nitrogen. Yawan aiki yana ƙaruwa da tan 4 a kowace ha 1. Ba da gudummawar kilogiram 15 a kowace ha 1.
Phosphoric
Phosphoric takin mai magani yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka mai kyau da cikakken ci gaba. Sun dace da nau’ikan kayan lambu daban-daban: duka farkon da marigayi.
Mahimmin kari don haɓakawa da haɓakar shuka shine abincin kashi. Phosphorus ya fi girma a cikin abun da ke ciki. Abincin kashi yana da wadata a cikin phosphorus da sauran abubuwan gano abubuwa masu aiki da yawa. Yana da kyawawa don kai shi zuwa rijiyoyi 3 makonni kafin dasa shuki da harbe.
Wani ingantaccen taki phosphate shine diammofos (hydrogen ammonium phosphate). Wannan suturar saman ba ta da nitrate. Ana amfani da irin wannan takin seedling a ƙasa nan da nan kafin dasa shuki. Zai ɗauki 10-15 g da 1 square. m.
Wani taki shine superphosphate. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani masu amfani:
- sulfur,
- monocalcium phosphate,
- magnesium,
- phosphoric acid.
An shirya Superphosphate kamar haka: 100-150 g na wannan taki an diluted a cikin lita 15 na ruwa. An ƙaddara don haɓakar shuka mai kyau da haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Wasu abubuwan da ake amfani da su na phosphorus ba su da amfani da shuka. Don hana wannan daga faruwa, ana yin sutura a cikin fall. A lokacin hunturu, yana wadatar saman saman ƙasa, wanda ke ba da hanyar dasa shuki.
Dankali
Kabeji seedling potassium ana buƙatar lokacin da kawunan kabeji ya bayyana. Irin wannan suturar saman ana aiwatar da kwanaki 15 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe.
Daya daga cikin girke-girke:
- Ɗauki 10 g na potassium, 20 g na superphosphate, 10 g na urea.
- Mix da guga na ruwa.
- Bari a tsaya yini ɗaya.
- Ƙara 0.5 l na bayani a ƙarƙashin kowane daji na seedling.
Potash Ana bada shawarar yin amfani da takin mai magani kwanaki 20 kafin girbi. Ya dace da marigayi irin kabeji. Zai ɗauki 30 g na sulfuric potassium da guga na ruwa. Mix kome da kome kuma ƙara 200 ml a ƙarƙashin kowane daji.
Nitrogen
Nitrogen yana cikin duka kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan ma’adinai. Yana haɓaka haɓakar seedlingsan kabeji, idan aka yi amfani da su a hade tare da irin waɗannan hanyoyin:
- ‘turmi’,
- ‘Cristal’,
- ‘Kemira’.
Ɗaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan ciyarwa: 30 g na azofoska suna haɗe da 15 g na ɗaya daga cikin samfurori. Don wannan ƙara 0.5 l na ruwa mullein. Ana bayarwa kwanaki 20 bayan farkon harbe-harbe ya bayyana akan seedlings.
Maganin jama’a
Muna shirya takin da kanmu
Ba wai kawai takin da aka siya ba ya dace da kabeji na farko. Ya amsa da kyau ga gaurayawan da aka yi bisa ga shahararrun girke-girke.
Tsire-tsire na kabeji suna cin abinci sosai akan boric acid. Don shirya wannan bayani, kuna buƙatar 1 tsp. boric acid diluted a cikin 1 tbsp. ruwan zãfi a gauraya. Sakamakon sakamako yana diluted a cikin 10 l na ruwa mai dumi, bayan haka an fesa shuka. An fi yin fesa a tsakiyar watan Yuli – yana ƙarfafa haɓakar shuka mai kyau.
Sauran magungunan gida:
- Sodium bicarbonate. Don shirya 30 g na soda, tsoma shi a cikin guga na ruwa. Bayan shayar da shuka tare da wannan bayani a cikin adadin 100 ml kowace daji.
- Matashi nettle. Don yin wannan, an cika ganyen nettle a cikin kwano, cike da ruwa kuma a bar shi har tsawon kwanaki 4-5. Bayan an haxa broth da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1 zuwa 10, sa’an nan kuma shayar.
- ammoniya. Don maganin ammoniya kuna buƙatar 4 tbsp. l bayani Ana saka su a cikin guga na ruwa kuma a haɗe su. Ana shayar da wannan bayani a ƙarƙashin tushen (150-200 ml kowane).
Sau da yawa ana ciyar da shuka tare da jiko na banana. Don shirya shi, sanya bawon ayaba a cikin akwati har zuwa sama kuma a cika shi da ruwa. Bayan jiko, bayan kwanaki 4-5, ana tace jiko ta hanyar gauze kuma ana shayar da gadaje.
Ciyar da urea
Yanzu ana fitar da urea daga furotin kifi da furotin na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ana amfani da wannan taki don haɓaka haɓaka da haɓaka juriya na tsire-tsire.
Don shirya suturar urea, ɗauki 40 g na abu kuma a tsoma shi a cikin guga na ruwa. Ana zuba 400-500 ml a ƙarƙashin kowane daji.
Mullein dressing
Domin kai girma da sauri, yi amfani da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci, wanda ya hada da mullein. Don shirya maganin, an haxa ɗan ƙaramin taki tare da ruwa guda 6 kuma a bar su don nace a buɗe har tsawon kwanaki 3. Bayan an diluting da wani sassa 6 na ruwa.
Kafin fara watering, ƙara 40 g na superphosphate a cikin guga. Ana amfani da kusan 2 l na bayani akan kowane daji.
Ciyarwar yisti
Kuna buƙatar ciyar da seedlingsan kabeji tare da yisti. Yisti yana kare shuka daga cututtuka da yawa kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin ci gaban tsarin tushen.Ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na abubuwa masu amfani, amino acid da bitamin.
Yisti, duk da kyawawan halaye, yana rage adadin alli da potassium a cikin ƙasa. Saboda wannan, ana gabatar da kayan ado na sama tare da ash ko dakakken kwai.
Yin suturar yisti yana da sauƙin yin. Don yin wannan, ɗauki lita 1.5 na ruwan dumi, amma ba ruwan zãfi ba, sannan ku zuba 250 g ko teaspoons 1.5 a cikin ruwa. yisti An zuga cakuda da aka samu kuma an saka shi tsawon sa’o’i 3. Bayan yisti ya narke da kyau, ƙara lita 10 na ruwa sannan a ci gaba da shayarwa. Ana amfani da taki 200-300 ml a ƙarƙashin tushen shuka.
ƙarshe
Don haɓaka aiki na farin kabeji da kabeji, ana ba da takin mai magani a ƙarshen dare. Kowane nau’in suturar saman yana inganta haɓaka, yana hana ci gaban cututtuka, inganta yanayin ƙasa. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin suna ba da sauƙin shuka amfanin gona, suna sa ya zama mai ƙarfi da lafiya.
