Cututtukan kabeji da kwari a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa na iya rage yawan amfanin ƙasa ko lalata shi. dace soma hanyoyin da zalunta su hana mutuwar plantations da ajiye kabeji.
Yaƙi da kwari da cututtuka na kabeji a cikin filin bude
Yisti cututtuka
Fungal cututtuka yanayi muhimmanci rage ƙasa haihuwa da kuma sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa cikakken asarar kayan lambu amfanin gona. Kowane mutum fungal cuta rinjayar duka biyu daban-daban jinsunan cruciferous da dukan kabeji iyali a matsayin dukan.
Kowanne
Kabeji keel yana faruwa ne ta hanyar cututtukan fungal kuma yana shafar shuke-shuken matasa da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Ana iya jigilar shi tare da tsire-tsire waɗanda suka kamu da cutar a cikin matakin noma a cikin kwantena da aka fallasa don samun iska da taurin.
A hadarin kamuwa da cuta tare da kabeji keel – farar fata da iri iri.
A cikin lalacewa ga tsire-tsire, tushen tushen su a hankali ya zama abin rufewa da tsiro wanda ke hana kwararar abubuwan gina jiki da ruwan ma’adinai na yau da kullun. Sakamakon yunwa da rashin ruwa, shukar kabeji a hankali ya koma baya a ci gabansa, yana bushewa.
Peronosporosis
Peronosporosis ko powdery mildew yana haifar da pathogen na asalin fungal. Yana shafar kowane nau’in dangin cruciferous. Daga cikin manyan alamomin:
- bayyanar cututtukan fungal a cikin matakin girma na seedlings,
- bayyanar tabo mai launin toka da rawaya da farin plaque a gefen ganyen.
- wilting da a hankali mutuwar ganyen kabeji da abin ya shafa,
- rage jinkirin girma da ci gaban kayan lambu.
Babban abin da ke ba da gudummawa ga haɓakawa da yaduwar ƙwayar foda shine ƙimar zafi mafi girma.
Fusarium
Maganin cututtukan fungal na fusarium yana cutar da kowane nau’in tsire-tsire na cruciferous, ya mamaye tsarin tsiron jijiyoyin jini, yana haifar da cikas ga wucewar abinci da ruwa, kuma yana haifar da bushewar shuka.
Alamomin lalacewa:
- bayyanar rawaya spots a kan ganye tsakanin veins, karuwa a cikin yanki har zuwa dukan ganye,
- bushewar ganye a hankali.
- kasancewar a cikin yanka a tushen tushe na ganyen launin ruwan kasa na fungal mycelia,
- karamin girman kan kabeji da sifar sa.
Kwayar cuta ta kamuwa da cuta
Ba a samun kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta kamar cututtukan fungal, amma sun bambanta da saurin yaɗuwarsu, ba za a iya magance su ba, kuma galibi suna haifar da asarar amfanin gona.
Mosaic
Cuta na iya lalata amfanin gona
Mosaic cutar sau da yawa ana ajiyewa a kan farin kabeji, amma kuma yana haifar da haɗari ga sauran nau’in cruciferous. Suna gano kasancewar su wata guda bayan an dasa shuki a cikin buɗe ƙasa, lokacin da ganyen ya fara bayyana tare da jijiyoyi masu duhu kore, a hankali suna haɓaka zuwa wuraren necrotic.
Bakar zobe tabo
Wurin zoben baƙar fata ya rufe ganyen kabeji tare da ɗigon haske kore waɗanda ke bayyane a matakin ƙasa. Bayan lokaci, sun fara yin duhu, suna girma a cikin yankin da aka shafa, suna haɗuwa a wuri guda. A sakamakon haka, ganyen da abin ya shafa ya ragu da wuri.
Karin kwari
Kwari yana haifar da babbar illa ga shukar kabeji. Sun fara farawa a kan ƙananan harbe-harbe a farkon bazara, suna yin ƙwai, daga abin da mazaunan larvae ke bayyana a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, suna kawo cututtuka na ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtukan fungal.
Aphids
Kabeji aphids ne daya daga cikin na kowa parasitic kwari cewa ciyar a kan ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na matasa harbe. Yana zaune a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren ciyayi na shuka kuma a hankali ya rage shi. Alamomin aphids:
- sannu a hankali girma da ci gaban kabeji,
- hasarar ganyen kabeji na launinsu da kamannin ruwan hoda a cikinsu.
- narkar da ganye da kuma mutuwarsa.
Kabeji tashi
Kudancin kabeji yana cutar da farin kabeji da fari. Yana kunna ayyukansa a cikin rabin na biyu na Mayu, yana barin ƙwai a cikin ƙasa, daga inda larvae suka bayyana waɗanda ke ciyar da tushen kabeji bayan mako guda.
- Rotting na tushen tsarin,
- wilting na shuke-shuke,
- saye da launin toka ganye ganye tare da gubar tint ta ƙananan matakin.
Fleas
Ƙwarƙarar ƙulle-ƙulle suna kula da ayyukansu a cikin ƙasa kuma suna fara yin rarrafe a saman lokacin da aka samar da zafi, nan da nan suka fara ciyar da ƙananan tsire-tsire. Bayan lalata saman Layer na foliage, sun bar ulcers.
A mafi yawan lokuta, kabeji ba ya jure wa kwaro kuma shuka ya mutu.
Hanyoyin sarrafawa da rigakafin
A kan cututtukan fungal
Kada a fara cututtuka
A cikin yaki da cututtukan fungal, a wasu lokuta matakan suna da kariya ta musamman a cikin yanayi, yayin da a wasu kuma ana iya amfani da hanyoyin injin kariya na shuka da shirye-shiryen sinadarai.
Keel kabeji
mafi kyau don hana cutar keel kabeji. An cire tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da aka shafa tare da dunƙule na ƙasa, ana zuba lemun tsami a cikin ramuka. Kafin dasa shuki na kabeji a cikin bude ƙasa, ana kuma ba da shawarar cewa a yi amfani da ƙasa tare da cakuda lemun tsami a kowace kilogiram 1 na farar ƙasa na kowane 4 m2 na yankin dasa. Hanyoyi masu haɗari na yaƙar peronosporosis sun haɗa da maganin Bordeaux ruwa tare da maida hankali na 1%. Ana buƙatar don seedlings 0.2 lita a kowace guga lita goma na ruwa, kuma don kabeji mai karfi – 0.5 lita da guga. Ana fesa tsire-tsire da mildew powdery ya shafa tare da ruwan aiki.
Rigakafin: rigakafin ƙasa, bin fasahar ban ruwa lokacin fita da biyan buƙatun juyawa amfanin gona.
Daga kamuwa da cutar fusarium
Yin maganin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar yadda ya kamata yana taimakawa wajen kamuwa da cutar fusarium. shuke-shuke tare da tsarin fungicides kamar Benomil, Tecto, Topsin-M.
Hanyar injiniya don sarrafa kamuwa da fusarium ya haɗa da kawar da tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta. Saboda gaskiyar cewa naman gwari mai cutarwa zai iya kula da aikinsa mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙasa na tsawon shekaru a jere, bisa ga ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona, an hana shuka kabeji a wuri guda sau da yawa.
Maganin kamuwa da cuta
Ba a magance yanayin ƙwayar cuta na mosaic da baƙar fata na zobe ba. Rigakafin yana taimakawa wajen magance su yadda ya kamata, wanda ya ƙunshi aiwatar da matakai masu yawa:
- disinfection iri kafin dasa,
- kan lokaci cire seedlings da shugabannin kabeji da kamuwa da cuta ta kamuwa da cuta,
- kawar da ciyawa da yaki da kwayoyin cuta masu dauke da kwayoyin cuta.
A kan kwari
Sau da yawa, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen sinadarai da madadin hanyoyin sarrafa su a kan ƙwayoyin kwari.
Game da aphids
Daga cikin lambu, Karbofos da Spark, suna da kaddarorin kwari, sun tabbatar da amincin su a cikin yaƙi da aphids.
A matsayin maganin jama’a, masu lambu sukan yi amfani da taba, warin da ba a yarda da shi ba ta hanyar kwari. Tafarnuwa, albasa, karas, da tumatur da aka dasa a tsakanin ramuka suna da halaye iri ɗaya.
Against kabeji gardama
gardamar kabeji yana amfani da maganin Thiophos tare da maida hankali na abubuwa masu aiki na 30%. Ana diluted da ruwa. Matsakaicin ruwan thiophos mai aiki shine 0.25 L kowace shuka.
Da kyau kafa 65% maida hankali chlorophos, diluted zuwa 0.25%. Yawan amfani don shuka 1 shine 0.2 l.
Daga cikin magungunan gida akwai taba iri ɗaya da aka haɗe da dutsen farar ƙasa daidai gwargwado. Hakanan yana da ƙamshin naphthalene na musamman, wanda ke haɗuwa da yashi kogin 1: 7.
A kan ƙuma
Cruciferous fleas suna tsoron danshi, don haka hanya mafi kyau don magance shi ita ce fesa ta yau da kullun. Kuna iya yin shi tare da mafita na sabulu. Taimakawa jure kura daga ciyayi tare da ash gardama da shirye-shiryen Karbofos da Aktara.
