Iri na farko suna da ɗan gajeren lokacin girma kuma suna buƙatar kulawa a hankali. Girman kabeji da wuri a cikin bude ƙasa yana tafiya ta matakai da yawa.
Features na farkon kabeji namo a cikin bude ƙasa
Halayen farkon kabeji
Kabeji yana da iri da yawa. Akwai nau’ikan kayan lambu guda 3: farkon ripening, ripening matsakaici, marigayi ripening. Ya bambanta da sauran nau’ikan ta fuskar ripening, da dandano. Ba a yi nufin nau’ikan balagagge na farko don ajiya ko al’adun farawa ba, ana amfani da su sabo ne kawai.
Shuka kabeji da wuri yana farawa tare da zaɓin iri daidai. Lambu sun fi son nau’in fararen fata. Kariya ga ƙananan sanyi yana ba ka damar samun matashin kai na kabeji daga farkon watanni na rani.
Asalin noman kabeji na farko yana farawa da ciyawar, lokacin shuka iri don seedlings shine daga ƙarshen Fabrairu zuwa ƙarshen Maris. Daga lokacin germination na harbe da kuma kafin a dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa, wani lokaci dole ne ya wuce, don farkon-ripening iri ne kwanaki 45-60. Ana shirya seedlings a kan sikelin masana’antu da kuma a gida (a cikin greenhouse, a kan windowsill).
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Wajibi ne a shirya ƙasa mai kyau don noman nau’in kabeji na farko:
- Ana fara shirye-shiryen ƙasa a cikin fall. Ana kara takin gargajiya.
- Ba sa amfani da ƙasa mai lalacewa, ba sa ɗaukar ƙasar bayan amfanin gona na cruciferous (kabeji, radish, rapeseed, fyade).
- Dole ne a sami isassun microelements a cikin sabuwar duniya. Ana haxa shi da humus ( saniya, tsuntsu) da ash itace (wani maganin kashe qwari) ko peat, potassium, da kuma superphosphates an ƙara.
- Acid lemun tsami. Juyawa amfanin gona yana taimakawa kariya daga cututtuka da wuce gona da iri.
Dole ne ƙasa ta kasance mai albarka da numfashi.
Shuka tsaba
Ana bi da tsaba ta kowace hanya mai lalata: potassium permanganate, ruwan zafi, chlorine, sabulun wanki.
Ana shuka shi a cikin kaset ko kofuna masu jefarwa (1 pc). Kuna iya amfani da abubuwan haɓaka girma.
Dokokin shuka tsaba na kabeji da wuri:
- an dasa tsaba da aka shirya zuwa zurfin 1.5 cm,
- ruwa mai yawa, baya moisturizes,
- an rufe akwati da fim.
- kiyaye zafin jiki na akalla 20 ° C;
- al’adar ita ce photophilic, tsaba suna girma tare da haske na halitta.
B Idan babu hasken rana da cikin gida, ana ba da izinin amfani da fitila mai kyalli. Bayan kwanaki 3-6, harbe-harbe sun bayyana, an rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa 15 ° C. An cire fim din, da zarar an ɗaure ganye na farko, tsire-tsire sun fara taurare.
Ci gaba da sassautawa yana ciyar da ƙasa da iskar oxygen. Bayan makonni 1.5-2 bayan fitowar iri, ana shayar da seedlings tare da ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate.
Zaba
sprouts suna buƙatar zaɓi na tilas
Bayan makonni 2, ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari suna tsoma:
- rabin sa’a kafin a shayar da hanyar,
- a hankali zare tsiro da ƙasa.
- rage tushen 1/3 na tsawon,
- zurfafa toho zuwa ga ganyen farko.
- dasa a cikin guda kofuna.
Wannan fasaha yana hana mummunan rauni ga shuka. Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings a cikin ƙasa buɗe, tushen tsarin yana ƙarfafa. Ba a buƙatar nutsewa idan an fara shuka iri a cikin kwantena ɗaya.
Shuka seedlings a cikin wani greenhouse
Tsarin girma farkon kabeji da seedlings a cikin greenhouse bai bambanta da gida ba. A kan tebur, kusa da rufin greenhouse, an jawo ƙarin fim ɗin fim. Lokacin barin, da kuma yanayin zafin jiki ya kasance iri ɗaya.
Don hardening, ana kawo seedlings zuwa titi. Ana yin wannan mafi kyau mako guda kafin dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa. Lokacin daskararre, an mayar da matasan seedlings a cikin greenhouse.
Dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa
Alamun shirye-shiryen seedlings: a kan shuka 5-7 amintaccen ganye, tsawon 10 cm.
Ana shuka seedlings a cikin ƙasa da aka shirya a cikin fall (suna tono, matakin, takin). A cikin bazara, ƙara takin mai magani (potassium, phosphorus).
Dokokin dasa seedling:
- sassauta ƙasa da rake.
- shirya ramuka, tsarin dasa – 50 x 40,
- a jika kowace rijiya, a ƙara masu haɓaka girma kamar yadda ake buƙata.
- saka dashen da aka gama a cikin rami, zurfafa zuwa ga ganyen farko.
- rufe da m tare da ƙasa.
- sake danshi daji.
Shuka amfanin gona ya zama dole la’akari da girma da iri-iri.Tsarin dasa shuki na farkon manyan iri:
| Hybrid farin | 50 * 40 |
| Swede | 35 * 45 |
| Launi | 30 * 50 |
| Brussels | 55 * 65 |
| Savoy | 35 * 55 |
Ana dasa tsire-tsire cikin yardar kaina a wuri mai haske. Bugu da ƙari, ana ƙara yashi a kowace rijiya kafin shuka. Mafi kyawun lokacin yin aiki shine safiya.
Bayan dasa shuki, an rufe amfanin gona da fim ko agrofiber. A irin waɗannan yanayi, kayan lambu ba su da sauƙi ga cututtuka da sanyi. Ana cire kayan aiki lokacin da yanayin yanayi ya daidaita kuma tsiron ya yi ƙarfi.
Kula da amfanin gona
Don shuka kabeji da wuri, bi ka’idodin kulawa. Seedling moistening wajibi ne kawai bayan tying na farko shugabannin, ba fiye da 2-3 sau a mako.
Yana da mahimmanci don ciyawa da sassauta murfin ƙasa. Bayan ciyawar farko, ana fesa ƙarin hanyoyin don hana kwari da cututtuka. Ana biyan kulawa ta musamman ga ƙananan ganyen amfanin gona.
Takin gargajiya da sinadarai suna taimakawa wajen girma nau’in kabeji da wuri. Ana kula da shuka tare da kowane shiri na musamman da ake buƙata adadin lokuta.
ƙarshe
Girma kabeji a cikin ƙasa buɗe abu ne mai arha amma aiki mai wahala. Zaɓin daidaitaccen nau’in iri, shirye-shirye da dasa shuki yana buƙatar fasaha. Ana ɗaukar tsire-tsire masu kyau na waje da sauri. Ciyarwar taki da gujewa kwari suna kare amfanin gona.
Ba a yi niyya iri-iri don adana dogon lokaci ba. Kawuna ana cin sabo. Kaddarorin masu amfani suna kama da sauran nau’ikan kayan lambu.
