Eggplants suna da saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa. Sabili da haka, a cikin aikin noma, yawancin lambu suna da matsaloli. A cikin labarin, mun yi la’akari da data kasance eggplant cututtuka da kuma magani.
Cututtukan Kwai da suke da su da Maganinsu
Ƙayyadewa
Cututtuka da kwari suna shafar eggplants a duk matakan girma da haɓaka. Mafi na kowa cututtuka sun kasu kashi da dama kungiyoyin, dangane da abin da pathogens ne lalacewa ta hanyar:
- viral,
- fungal,
- na kwayan cuta.
kwayar
Mosaic taba
Wannan cutar hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri daga cikin eggplant ganye ne halin da shan kashi na dukan sassa na shuka, kuma a duk matakai na girma.
Alamun: ganye, mai tushe na seedlings an rufe su da launin rawaya. Tare da babban rauni, ana cire tsire-tsire daga greenhouse.
Ana kula da wurin dasa shuki na seedlings tare da sauri. Ba za a iya magance wannan cutar ba.
Stolbur
Wannan cuta ce mai saurin warkewa, tana shafar yanayin greenhouse da buɗe ƙasa. Ba shi da wuya a lura da wannan ciwo a cikin eggplant: mai tushe na shuka ya zama mai kauri fiye da yadda aka saba, suna karya sauƙi. Idan ganyen sun juya launin shuɗi-ja, tare da murfi, wannan kuma alama ce ta columnar.
Don kare tsire-tsire, yana da daraja cire ciyawa a kai a kai, dasa shuki da tsaba ta hanyar disinfection. Ana kuma aiwatar da maganin Actellic.
Grey rot
A farkon mataki na ci gaba, yana da wuya a lura da wannan ciwon. Ana ganin alamun a mataki na ƙarshe na rauni, lokacin da ganye da harbe suka rufe da furanni masu launin toka ko fari. A cikin bayyanar, yayi kama da mold.
Kuna iya kawar da rot mai launin toka tare da taimakon fungicides na tsarin. Don hana ci gaban cutar a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ƙasa a cikin greenhouse ko akwatin seedling an lalatar da fumigation.
A lokacin haɓakar launin toka mai launin toka a cikin tsire-tsire masu girma, ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun bushe kuma sun zama an rufe su da launin toka. Ba za a iya ci su ba.
Namomin kaza
Baƙar ƙafa
Wannan cutar aubergine na kowa. Kuna iya gano ƙafar baƙar fata ta zobe na sash baƙar fata a kan tushe na shuka. Irin wannan gada gaba daya ta toshe hanyoyin da shuka ke samun abinci mai gina jiki da danshi. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarancin girbi na kayan lambu marasa inganci.
Don magance baƙar fata shine miyagun ƙwayoyi Trichodermin. Idan irin wannan yakin ba shi da amfani, an cire harbe masu cutar daga cikin greenhouse, saboda su ne masu dauke da kamuwa da cuta na fungal, wakilin causative na kafa baƙar fata.
Phytophthora
Eggplant phytophthora cuta ce mai haɗari mai haɗari wanda ke bayyana akan ganye a cikin nau’i na tsatsa.
Don adana tsire-tsire, cire duk shuke-shuken da ke kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta don dakatar da yaduwar cutar zuwa tsire-tsire masu lafiya.
Ana gudanar da jiyya na ƙarshen blight na aubergine ta hanyar fesa shuka tare da cakuda Bordeaux ko vitriol.
Late blight yana shafar ba kawai ƙananan tsire-tsire da ‘ya’yan itatuwa ba har ma da manya.
Sclerotiniosis
Cuta na iya lalata amfanin gona
Mutane suna kiran wannan zafi fari rot. Its pathogen settles a cikin tushen tsarin seedlings, ninka da kuma motsa zuwa kara. Samun dama ga abinci ya mamaye kan lokaci. Tushen ya zama ruwa, kuma ganye da ‘ya’yan itatuwa an rufe su da m, duhu.
A cikin tsire-tsire masu girma, an kafa nau’in baƙar fata a cikin ‘ya’yan itatuwa – sclerotia. Dalilin ci gaban shine tsire-tsire suna daskarewa lokacin dasa shuki a cikin sanyi, ƙasa mai cike da ruwa.
Don hana faruwar cutar, yana da daraja disinfecting ƙasa kafin dasa shuki iri, da kuma rage zafi na iska a cikin greenhouse. Ya kamata a fesa tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa tare da ruwa na Bordeaux ko jan karfe sulfate.
Fusarium
Fusarium wilt yana bayyana akan tsire-tsire masu girma a cikin greenhouse. Cutar cututtukan fungal ta shiga cikin mai tushe, ganye sun zama sluggish, necrosis ya bayyana akan su.
Dalilai: babban zafi da zafin jiki (23-26 °).
Saboda babban juriya na pathogen ga fungicides, lura da fusarium ba batun batun don hana faruwar kamuwa da cuta, kuna buƙatar lalata ƙasa da shuka iri.
Cercosporosis
Chlorosis ko cercosporosis wata cuta ce mai haɗari na fungal.
Alamun cercosporosis: zagaye chlorotic spots a kan foliage. Bayan ɗan lokaci, suna ƙaruwa da girma kuma suna shafar duk farantin ganye. Ganyen suna mutuwa, amma tsiron ba ya mutuwa, amma yana yin ‘ya’yan itatuwa waɗanda ba su dace da abinci ba.
Kariya daga lalacewa ta ƙunshi kiyaye ka’idodin jujjuya amfanin gona, cire tarkacen shuka, da sarrafa yanayin zafi a cikin greenhouse.
Yaƙi da wannan Eggplant seedling cuta ne da za’ayi tare da Bordeaux ruwa. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a bi da ɗaya daga cikin magungunan gargajiya na gargajiya. Hakanan, tsire-tsire suna takin tare da hadaddun shirye-shirye don haɓaka juriya ga chlorosis.
Anthracnose
Wannan cuta da wuya rinjayar greenhouse seedlings. Sau da yawa kamuwa da seedlings girma a cikin bude ƙasa. Wannan ciwon aubergine yana bayyana akan ganyen a cikin nau’i na jajayen oval spots.
Rigakafin ya haɗa da kiyaye ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona, da kuma tsabtace wurin akan lokaci daga ciyawa da tarkace shuka.
Maganin gida yana taimakawa cutar aubergine daga wannan – 0, 3% maida hankali.
bushewar bushewa
Eggplant rot yana haifar da fungi. Dalilan su ne iska mai danshi da zafin jiki mai zafi, kananan harbe suna fuskantar shan kashi, wanda da farko ya zama kore, sannan ya zama launin ruwan kasa kuma ya bushe.
Eggplants rot a balagagge, da kuma a cikin fruiting mataki. A saman shuka an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa.
Ya kamata a bi da tsire-tsire da aka shafa tare da shirye-shiryen fungicidal: Mancozeb, Carbendazil ko Chlorotonil. Hakanan zaka iya bi da seedlings tare da cakuda Bordeaux.
Black spots
Koren harbe yana shafar baƙar fata saboda wuce gona da iri a cikin ƙasa, ƙara yawan ƙasa, da shuka mai kauri.
Yadda ake ajiye tsire-tsire matasa:
- lokaci-lokaci sassauta ƙasa.
- yi ramukan magudanar ruwa,
- yanke seedlings sosai a sarari.
Ana gudanar da jiyya na wannan cuta ta eggplant tare da taimakon shirye-shiryen fungicidal na tsarin. Bugu da kari, zafi na cikin gida yana raguwa.
Powdery mildew (gaskiya da ƙarya)
Gudanarwa zai taimaka ceton tsire-tsire
Wannan cuta na eggplant seedlings halin m bushewa na ganye. A sakamakon haka, tsire-tsire suna bushewa kuma suna mutuwa.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da lalacewa sune canje-canje kwatsam a yanayin zafi da zafi mai zafi.
Jiyya na cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na ƙarya a cikin greenhouse ya haɗa da magani tare da wakili na sinadarai – Phytostorin. Kauce wa zane a lokacin samun iska, in ba haka ba seedlings zasu mutu.
Ana amfani da Topaz da colloidal sulfur don magance powdery mildew.
Karyewar bango
Bayyanar Kwai na faruwa ne saboda rashin takin potash. Cutar ba ta yaduwa kuma ana iya kawar da ita cikin sauƙi tare da sutura tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da potassium.
Vertex rot yana bayyana kansa a kowane matakai na girma shuka, gami da lokacin ‘ya’yan itace. Kula da sau nawa kuma akai-akai da kuke amfani da suturar potash.
Bacterias
Cututtukan fungal na tsire-tsire na eggplant da yaƙi da su suna taka muhimmiyar rawa daidai, saboda suna haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga shuka da mutuwarsu.
Tabo na kwayoyin cuta
Wannan cuta ta shuka tana shafar kowane mataki na haɓaka duka a cikin yanayin greenhouse da kuma a cikin buɗe ƙasa. Baƙar fata suna bayyana akan ganye, gefuna suna samun launin rawaya. Petioles da mai tushe suma suna yin baki akan lokaci.
Wuraren ƙwayoyin cuta suna tasowa a yanayin zafi da zafi mai yawa.
Ana cire tsire-tsire masu cutar daga wurin. Don rigakafi, kashe tsaba da ƙasa kafin dasa shuki. Irin wannan ciwon ba za a iya magance shi ba.
Karin kwari
Mafi na kowa kwari na eggplant seedlings ne aphids, gizo-gizo mites, da slugs.
Aphids
Kuna iya yaƙi da aphids tare da magungunan gida na zamani da magungunan kashe qwari:
- bi da seedlings tare da Karbofos ko Strela,
- An lalata aphids tare da maganin ash na itace (ana cinye 200 g na abu a kowace lita 10 na ruwa).
- wasu lambu suna amfani da aidin don sarrafa aphids: ana ƙara digo 10 na abu zuwa lita 1 na ruwa.
Slugs
Don halakar da slugs, loosening ƙasa a cikin yanayin zafi da kuma pollination na gaba tare da mustard foda, baki ko ja ƙasa barkono.
Whitefly da colo kwari irin ƙwaro
Dole ne a cire kwari
A whitefly da Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro kwari ne na eggplants, ba kasa da hadari ga seedlings. Maganin Iskra-bio ko Fitoverm yana taimakawa wajen kawar da fararen kwari. Colorado beetles da tsutsansu za a buƙaci a tattara su da hannu.
Useasa
Idan kuda ya bayyana akan tsiron, dole ne a cire shi cikin gaggawa. Duk da cewa irin wannan karamin kwarin ba ya cutar da tsirrai, zai zama dillalin cututtuka da yawa.
Don fitar da kuda, masu lambu suna amfani da magungunan jama’a iri-iri: sanya haushin citrus, taba, tafarnuwa a ƙasa, saita tarkuna na musamman, sannan a fesa shukar da ruwan sabulu. .
Bear
Sau da yawa tushen tsarin tsire-tsire yana shafar wannan kwaro, idan bear ya bayyana a gonar, zaku iya kawar da shi ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- 10 l na ruwa 30 g na chlorophos. Ana zuba maganin aiki a cikin mink na rijiyar.
- Tona rami mai zurfi a cikin yankin, yayyafa da taki. A ƙarshen bazara, beyar za ta yi rarrafe don yin ƙwai. Ana tattara taki tare da larvae kuma a ƙone shi.
- Kwai da ake tarawa a cikin shekara ana niƙasa su kanana kuma a sanya su a cikin ramukan ƙwayar cuta.
kulawar rashin karatu
Witing, yellowing da desiccation na seedlings ana haifar da shi ba kawai ta cututtukan shuka ba, har ma ta hanyar rashin kulawa:
- Tare da zafi mai zafi, tsire-tsire sun zama ruwa, fara farawa kuma su juya rawaya. Don kawar da wannan matsala, shirya iska na yau da kullum.
- Saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa, tsire-tsire na iya juya rawaya da bushe har ma a farkon matakin girma. Samar da tsire-tsire tare da daidaitaccen abinci na phosphate da takin mai magani na potassium.
- Tare da rashin danshi da haske mai kyau, harbe suna girma na dogon lokaci kuma nan da nan ya bushe. Kada ka adana seedlings a cikin rana, matasa eggplant seedlings iya ƙone da kuma mutu.
- Tare da yawan shayarwa, tushen ya lalace kuma ya lalace. Saboda haka, yana da daraja watering yayin da ƙasa ta bushe.
- Hypothermia shine wani dalilin da yasa tsire-tsire suka fara ciwo, bushewa da mutuwa. Guji zayyanawa da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki yayin warkewa.
Lokacin girma seedlings, kiyaye ka’idodin dasa shuki da kulawa: lalata tsaba, yi amfani da ƙasa mara kyau, ƙasa mai laushi da haske don dasa shuki.
ƙarshe
Duk da babbar adadin cututtuka da kwari, eggplants iya har yanzu sami ceto daga shan kashi. Don girma cikin nasara, bi matakan kariya kuma inganta kula da shukar ku.
