Eggplants ya kamata a girma ta hanyar seedlings, saboda suna da tsayi mai tsayi. Tsire-tsire masu inganci na eggplant suna buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun don yawan amfanin ƙasa da dandano mai kyau.
Eggplant seedling namo
Shirye-shiryen iri
Dasa shuki aubergines yana farawa tare da shiri. Don dasa seedlings na eggplant samu ingancin tsaba. Lokacin siye, suna ba da fifiko ga nau’ikan da aka haɓaka don takamaiman yanayin yanayi.
Lokacin siyan iri, tabbatar da duba ranar karewa da aka nuna akan kunshin. Ƙananan tsaba, mafi kusantar su girma.
sarrafa iri
Ana dasa ƙwai a cikin seedlings bayan shiri na farko da sarrafawa. An jera tsaba ta girman. Yi watsi da lalacewa, maras kyau da m. Ƙunar da ba ta dace ba da kuma kurajen fuska ba za su yi aiki ba.
Na gaba, ana duba germination na tsaba. Ana sanya su a cikin akwati da ruwan gishiri. Ana zubar da tsaban da suka tsiro. Sauran ya bushe. Idan duk hatsin sun zo saman, suna iya bushewa sosai. Suna kokarin shuka su.
Shuka shuka eggplant baya aiki ba tare da lalata kayan ba. Hanyar tana taimakawa hana ci gaban cututtukan da ke ɓoye yayin germination. Tsabtace tsaba waɗanda ba a kewaye da harsashi ba kuma waɗanda ba a sarrafa su yayin samarwa.
Kwayar cuta
Disinfection tare da potassium permanganate ko Fitosporin M ana ɗaukar sanannen ingantaccen hanya. Akwai rashin fahimta da yawa masu alaƙa da tsarin jiƙa:
- Ta hanyar ƙara yawan adadin abu, maganin zai fi tasiri. Wannan ra’ayi ba daidai ba ne, saboda bayani tare da maida hankali fiye da 1% yana kashe amfrayo a tsakiyar iri.
- Bayyanar dogon lokaci yana taimakawa mafi kyau. A gaskiya ma, yana lalata kayan shuka. Mafi kyawun lokacin bayyanarwa shine mintuna 15-20.
- Lokacin disinfecting ƙasa, disinfection ba a yi. Wannan kuma ba daidai ba ne, saboda zai taimaka kare tsaba kawai daga sama.
Maganin zafi
Disinfection ana yin shi ta hanyar maganin zafi. Tsaba na minti 20. jiƙa a cikin ruwa 45-50 ° C, sa’an nan kuma 1 min. – A cikin sanyi. Sa’an nan kuma a bar shi cikin dare a cikin maganin abubuwan da aka gano. Da safe na rana mai zuwa, ana sanya kayan shuka a cikin firiji don kwana ɗaya, sannan a bushe. Wannan yana ba su damar yin sako-sako da su, ba lalatawa yayin dasawa ba.
Karfafawa
Ba a tsallake matakin ƙarfafawa yayin shirye-shiryen, saboda hanyar tana haɓaka bayyanar seedlings. Yi amfani da samfuran da aka saya na musamman ko shirya su da kanka. 5 g na ash itace, sodium humate ko nitrophosphate ana diluted a cikin 1 lita na ruwan dumi mai tsabta. Ana ba da shawarar cakuda don sarrafa tsaba.
Germination
Kafin girma seedlings na eggplant a cikin Apartment, tsaba suna girma, wanda ke ƙaruwa da yuwuwar sprouts za su sami tushe, yana haɓaka haɓakarsu. Yi amfani da kwandon lebur wanda aka bazuwar gauze a cikin yadudduka da yawa.
A cikin kayan, a ko’ina sanya tsaba eggplant a kan seedlings. Gauze yana daɗaɗɗa akai-akai, ana ajiye shi a cikin na’urar dumama fiye da 45 ° C. Bayan ‘yan kwanaki, tsire-tsire na eggplant suna tsiro a gida.
Shuka iri
Tushen tsarin shuke-shuke ba ya yarda da girbi
A cikin tsakiyar latitudes na Rasha, ana dasa tsaba a cikin seedlings na eggplant a watan Fabrairu-Maris. A cikin ƙarin daki-daki, ana ƙididdige lokacin dasa shuki na eggplant bisa ga halaye na ci gaba na kowane iri-iri.
Yi la’akari da dacewa da iri-iri tare da yankin. Farkon nau’ikan matsakaicin matsakaici a cikin layin tsakiyar suna girma a cikin kwanaki 110-120. Late kayan lambu masu dacewa da yankin kudu suna da lokacin girbi na kwanaki 130-190, kuma lokacin girbi a gare su shine daga Yuli zuwa Agusta. Ana bada shawarar shuka eggplants don seedlings a watan Maris.
Eggplant ana girma tare da ko ba tare da tsomawa ba. Suna ba da shawarar hanyoyin 2, saboda tushen tsarin baya jure wa dasawa.
Idan an zaɓi hanyar dasa shuki eggplants akan seedlings tare da girbi, to, akwatunan katako, trays ko kwantena filastik 6-10 cm zurfi sun dace. Rabin ƙarfin da aka cika da ƙasa. Ana daidaita shi kuma an ɗan murɗa shi.
Tsarin shuka
Tsarin shuka – 2 x 4. umarnin mataki zuwa mataki don shuka iri:
- A zurfin 1-2 cm alamar grooves. Tsakanin su suna goyan bayan nisa na 4.5-5 cm.
- Ana shayar da tsagi da ruwan dumi. Ana shuka tsaba da aka shuka a cikin ramuka.
- Idan ba a bi hanyar germination ba, ana bada shawarar saka 1 iri kowane 2 cm. Rufe da ƙasa, ɗan ɗanɗano kaɗan.
Idan an rabu da eggplant, ana yin shukar tsaba don seedlings a cikin tukwane na peat, kofuna na filastik. masu lambu suna shuka tsaba a cikin katantanwa, suna amfani da allunan peat, substrate don laminate. Akwai hanyar girma akan takarda bayan gida.
Tankuna suna cike da ƙasa, ana sanya tsaba (shuka 2 guda). Raunan ƙwayar cuta daga baya yanke.
Manna fim ɗin ko rufe shi da gilashi. A saman an sanya eggplant na ruwa, an canja shi zuwa wuri mai dumi. Seedlings suna nunawa bayan kwanaki 8-10. Kwayoyin da ba a kula da su suna bayyana bayan makonni 2-2.5.
Seedling kula
Kula da tsire-tsire na eggplant yana farawa tare da kafa mafi kyawun zafin jiki. Ana ba da shawarar iri don tsiro da sauri a zazzabi na 24-28 ℃. Zazzabi da ke ƙasa da 10 ° C yana dakatar da haɓakar al’adun.
Gauze-germinated seedlings an fara kiyaye su a zazzabi na 10 ° C-12 ° C, sa’an nan kuma a 24 ° C-28 ° C. Wannan yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi.
Eggplants photophilic aubergines, ba ya jure wa tsawan shading, wanda zai iya haifar da rauni rauni. An ba da al’ada tare da hasken rana har zuwa sa’o’i 10-12, tare da ɗan gajeren hasken rana a cikin Janairu-Fabrairu, lokacin da aka yada seedlings, an haskaka shi da fitilu masu kyalli. Lokacin da aka sanya a kan taga, ana juya kwantena. Wannan yana hana ciyawar eggplant daga mikewa.
Seedlings suna buƙatar kulawa mai kyau
Mafi kyawun yanayin zafi don seedlings shine 65-70%. Suna samar da iskar iska mai kyau ba tare da zayyana ba.
Tare da kulawa mara kyau na tsire-tsire na eggplant, yuwuwar lalacewar cututtukan fungal yana ƙaruwa. Cuta mai haɗari kuma mai saurin tasowa ita ce ƙafar baƙar fata.
Wakilin causative yana da ikon lalata duk tsire-tsire na eggplant a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Cutar tana tasowa musamman da sauri a cikin akwati na yau da kullun, akwati, inda aka halicci yanayi masu kyau. Tattara yana taimakawa rage haɗarin shuka. Matakan rigakafin sun haɗa da shayarwa tare da raunin rauni na potassium permanganate.
Watse
Bayan shuka tsaba don seedlings na eggplant, ƙasa ba a shayar da ita tsawon kwanaki 2. Lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe, ana danshi ta hanyar fesa.
Tsire-tsire na eggplant suna buƙatar ƙarin danshi fiye da barkono da tumatir saboda tsananin ƙanƙarar danshi daga manyan ganye. Bayan germination na seedlings, ana shayar da su akai-akai sau ɗaya kowane kwanaki 7-8. Ana samun ci gaba cikin sauri ta hanyar ban ruwa na wick. Ana amfani da ruwan dumi, har zuwa 30 ° C, an daidaita.
Ana shayar da shi sosai yayin da ƙasa ke bushewa, amma aƙalla kowane kwanaki 10. Puddling, stagnation na danshi ba a yarda.
Dauke ka sake loda
Bayan bayyanar ganye 2-3, ana ba da shawarar cewa a tsoma tsire-tsire na eggplant, wanda ke nufin dasa su a cikin kwantena daban. An yi la’akari da hanyar da aka fi sani da tattara diapers, auto-roll, inda seedlings ke girma da sauri.
Kowane seedling an cire shi a hankali daga akwati, akwati, ba tare da rabuwa daga ƙasa mai laushi ba, wanda ya hana cin zarafin tsarin tushen. Ana ba da shawarar dasa tsire-tsire ba tare da ƙwanƙwasa da datsa tushen ba, saboda dawowa yana da wahala a gare su.
Sai kawai tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi tare da tsarin tushen ci gaba, kara mai yawa, manyan ganye ya kamata a dasa. Ba a ba da shawarar shuka tsire-tsire masu lalacewa, rauni da karkatattun tsire-tsire ba.
Bayan rabuwa, ana shayar da seedlings da ruwa. A cikin kwanaki 4-5 na farko, ana shaded da eggplants kuma ba a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye ba.
Bayan tsoma, ana dasa ciyawar da aka noma ta hanyar dasawa. Ana canja su zuwa manyan kwantena. Tushen tsarin ba ya shan wahala a lokacin tsari.
Abincin
Seedlings suna takin sau biyu
Daga cikin seedlings na eggplant, eggplant fiye da sauran kayan lambu yana buƙatar irin waɗannan abubuwan gina jiki:
- Nitrogen Itacen yana mayar da martani ga rashin nitrogen ta hanyar rage girman girma da ci gaba. Ana bada shawara don kauce wa wuce haddi na kashi: yana hana samuwar ‘ya’yan itatuwa, yana taimakawa wajen lalacewar amfanin gona. Abun yana inganta haɓaka, haɓakar tsarin tushen.
- Magnesium. Taimaka wa shuka tsayayya da cututtuka, kwari.
- Potassium. Yana haɓaka tarin carbohydrates, yana haɓaka juriya ga cututtuka.
Seedlings takin sau 2. Na farko, kwanaki 10 bayan girbi, ana ciyar da su mullein diluted da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1:10, urea, 1 tbsp. l. / 10 l na ruwa. Bayan girma ganye 3-4, ana amfani da hadadden ma’adinai da takin gargajiya. Ana gudanar da shayarwa da suturar sama a lokaci guda, sau ɗaya a mako, ana fesa shuka da epine da zircon, wanda ke ƙara rigakafi da juriya ga yanayin da bai dace ba.
Wuya
Lokacin girma eggplant seedlings, ya taurare. Tsarin yana farawa kwanaki 12-15 kafin dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa ko a cikin greenhouse. Ana shayar da seedlings na tsawon sa’o’i 2-3 nan da nan bayan shuka. Ana kiyaye shi daga zayyana kai tsaye, iska mai ƙarfi.
Sannan ana fitar da su na tsawon sa’o’i 1-2 a cikin iska mai dadi, ana kara yawan lokacin da ake kashewa da sa’a daya a kowace rana. Lokacin da tsire-tsire ke ciyar da yini duka a cikin iska, sai su fara barin su cikin dare. Suna tabbatar da cewa tsiron bai daskare ba. Idan amfanin gona ya yadu, yana da wuri don fitar da shi da dare.
Hanyar hardening yana taimaka maka ka saba da yanayin yanayi. Tsire-tsire suna da ƙarfi, ganyen su ya zama mafi cika da launi, tushe ya zama mai yawa, ya yi duhu zuwa shuɗi mai duhu, launin shuɗi. An gudanar da shi a cikin bazara bayan bayyanar 4-5 ganye na gaskiya. Shuka baya faruwa daga baya. Suna tabbatar da cewa tsiron bai yi girma ba. Idan shuka ya girma, yana da wuya a sami tushen.
Ana shirya ƙasa a cikin kaka:
- Ana cire ragowar tsire-tsire na baya.
- Ana shayar da ƙasa sosai.
- disinfect da 1% jan karfe sulfate bayani,
- taki,
- tono kasa zuwa zurfin shebur bayoneti.
- daidaita ƙasa, ku yi kauri.
Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, tono ramuka 14-15 cm zurfi, an dasa bushes a cikin layuka 2 a cikin bude ƙasa. Ana kiyaye nisa na 45-50 cm tsakanin ramuka, 55-60 cm tsakanin layuka.
Ana dasa tsire-tsire na greenhouse a cikin gado a nesa na 45 cm, saboda eggplants suna yadawa. Nisa na shuka shine sau 2 tsawo na kara. Idan greenhouse yana da fa’ida, yi amfani da tsarin dubawa tare da nisa na akalla 60cm don girma.
Mataki-mataki saukowa tsari
Seedlings ana shuka su da dare
Ana shuka tsire-tsire da dare. Asirin dasa eggplants:
- Ana cire suckers daga gilashin, tukwane, sanya su cikin ramuka ba tare da tsaftace ƙasa ba.
- Shrubs a baya shayar don mafi kyawun hakar daga kwantena.
- Tsire-tsire ba su yi zurfi ba, saboda kayan lambu ba ya saki ƙarin tushen.
- Yada ƙasa daga sama, tamp.
Da safe, an rufe shuka da murfin takarda, wanda ke ba da damar kare su daga hasken rana kai tsaye, gusts na iska. Don dasa ƙasa a ko’ina, ana yada fim ɗin baƙar fata tsakanin tsire-tsire tsakanin tsire-tsire.
Seedling kula
Ana kula da seedlings har ma a matakin shuka. Ana dasa tsire-tsire a yanayin zafin ƙasa na 15 ° C da iska na 18 ° C.
Mafi kyawun zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse da kuma a cikin bude ƙasa shine 24 ° C-28 ° C. A lokacin fari, yawan zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa 38 ° C-45 ° C. Samfurin ‘ya’yan itace yana tsayawa, pollination ya daina, al’ada ta lalace. A cikin yanayin sanyi da iska 13 ° C-15 ° C, tsire-tsire suna daina girma.
Danshin ƙasa ya kasance mai girma – 75-80%, kuma iska – ƙasa – har zuwa 65%, don amfanin gona ya bunƙasa.
Lokacin da ake noma, greenhouse yana samun iska, yana guje wa zane. A cikin greenhouse da aka yi da polycarbonate, ya dace don tsara wannan tsari.
Lokacin da aka saki harbe kafin fure, ‘ya’yan uwa suna tsunkule. Yi amfani da tsarin 1.2, rajistan ayyukan da yawa. Ana yin ƙusa sau da yawa a cikin greenhouses don dogayen iri. Hanyar yana taimakawa wajen cimma ripening na manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa, ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Kafin wannan, ana ɗaure tsire-tsire kamar tsire-tsire masu hawa da igiya, zaren da trellis.
Da takin mai magani
Ana yin jimlar ciyarwa sau 3-5 a kowace kakar. Kafin dasa shuki, ana gabatar da buckets 2 na peat, guga na taki da yashi a cikin ƙasa mai laushi. Ana bada shawara don zuba 0,5 cubes na sawdust a cikin cakuda. Ana diluted ƙasan peat tare da guga na ƙasa mai jiƙai, kilogiram 20 na yashi, humus. Ƙasa mai yashi yana buƙatar gabatarwar buckets 3 na ƙasa yumbu, 2 buckets na peat, humus, sawdust.
Har ila yau, yi itace toka a cikin rabo na 2 kofuna waɗanda / 1 square. m, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, 1 tbsp. l / 1 sq. m. Ba a ƙara sabon taki.
Kafin dasa shuki, ana zuba lita 1.5 na dumin mullein (10 l na ruwa tare da rabin lita na mullein mai mahimmanci) a cikin rijiyoyin.
Bayan dasa shuki, bayan makonni 2-4, ana ƙara hadaddun takin mai magani a gonar: ‘Mortar’, ‘Kemira station wagon’. Matsakaicin – 1 teaspoon 1/1 guga na ruwa. Ana ba da shawarar cewa su yi zurfi cikin ƙasa, amma kada su yi zurfi.
Lokacin da shuka ya yi fure kuma ya ba da ‘ya’ya, sun canza zuwa cakuda takin mai magani na phosphorus da nitrogen – 1 tsp. ammonium nitrate da 1 tsp. superphosphate a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Abubuwan haɗin gwiwar suna taimakawa wajen haɓaka yawan amfanin gona.
Watse
Shayar da amfanin gona a kai a kai, mai tsanani zuwa 25 ° C. Tsarin shayarwa:
- Kwanaki 5 bayan shuka:
- a lokacin girma – sau ɗaya kowace rana 7-8;
- bayan farkon fruiting – sau 2 don kwanaki 7-8,
- a bushe yanayi – sau 3 a mako.
Shayar da amfanin gona yadda ya kamata a ƙarƙashin tushen ba tare da jika ganye da harbe ba. Don rage evaporation na danshi, ana sassauta ƙasa sa’o’i 10-12 bayan shayarwa. Ana yin shayarwa da sassafe, bayan haka ƙasa ta mulched.
ƙarshe
Yana da wahala a shuka eggplants don seedlings, la’akari da duk nuances. Ba za a iya guje wa kurakurai ba. Yin amfani da ƙasa mai acidic, ƙasa mai nauyi mai nauyi, tsofaffin tsaba yana haifar da haɓakar shuka mara kyau.
Dasa tsire-tsire marasa taurin kai zai haifar da bushewa da mutuwar tsiron. Hasken rana kai tsaye yana haifar da faɗuwar ganye. Kuma idan an shimfiɗa kayan lambu, ba shi da isasshen haske.
