Eggplant Vera shine wakilin farkon ripening iri. Yawan aiki na nau’in shine matsakaici. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da babban dandano da kasuwa. Dace da farkon masoya girma.
Duk game da Aubergine na Vera
Halayen iri-iri
An haifi nau’in iri-iri a cikin 1998 a tashar gwajin kayan lambu ta Yammacin Siberian a Barnaul. An shigar da shi a cikin rajistar jihar na Rasha a cikin 2001. Zoned a cikin Ural, Western Siberian da Far East yankuna. An tsara shi don noman waje. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna girma a cikin kwanaki 100-118 bayan bayyanar cikakken seedlings. Wani shuka yana samar da matsakaicin kilogiram 1 na kayan lambu. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, har zuwa iyakar 3 kg.
Halayen eggplant Vera suna da kyau saboda halaye masu zuwa:
- farkon balaga,
- juriya ga ƙananan yanayin zafi da raguwar zafin jiki,
- juriya ga rot,
- m bayyanar,
- Ayyukan samfuran kasuwa fiye da 90%.
Bayanin itace
Karamin daji. Tsawon 60-80 cm. Matsakaicin ɗaki. Ganyen ƙanana ne, koren duhu mai launin shuɗi mai dabara, an lura da shi a gefen. Itacen yana da kusan babu ƙaya. Wadanda aka samu ba kasafai suke ba. Tushen suna da ƙarfi. Furanni shuɗi ne.
Bayanin ‘ya’yan itace
Kayan lambu suna da siffar cylindrical, ƙanana. Launi a matakin balaga na fasaha yana da haske mai launin shuɗi, a ƙarshe ya juya duhu shuɗi. Akwai ɗan zani a ƙarƙashin gilashin. Sama yana sheki. Nauyin 125-180 g, a wasu lokuta – 300 g. Tsawon 15-20 cm. Bakin ciki yana da yawa, launin kore-fari. Babu gibi. Fatar tayi siriri. Abin dandano yana da kyau, ba tare da haushi ba. Kula da inganci yana da kyau. An yi amfani dashi don shirya jita-jita daban-daban, yi adanawa.
Al’adu
Eggplants suna da zafi sosai
Vera eggplants ana girma a cikin seedlingless da seedling hanyoyin, dangane da yanayi a yankin. Idan lokacin rani ya dade a yankin, ana iya dasa tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa a watan Mayu. Sa’an nan kuma a rufe su da takarda. Ana kuma zaɓi wannan hanyar dasa shuki a gaban wani greenhouse. Amma idan lokacin zafi shine watanni 1.5-2 kawai, kuna buƙatar fara girma seedlings.
Shuka tsaba
Shirye-shiryensa zai tabbatar da girma iri germination. Na farko, an zaɓi iri masu inganci. Don yin wannan, an jiƙa su na rabin sa’a a cikin ruwa. Za a bullowa giɓi, kuma masu cikakken jiki za su nutse a ƙasa. Wadanda suka nutse sai su koma suka bushe.
Sa’an nan kuma suna shan maganin zafi: ana sanya su na kwanaki da yawa a cikin yanayin da zafin jiki na 50-55 ° C. Don wannan dalili, ana iya amfani da mai zafi. Sa’an nan kuma ana tattara tsaba, ana tsoma su a cikin wani bayani na 1% na potassium permanganate, wanda zai hana ci gaban cututtukan fungal a nan gaba.
Wasu lambu suna kula da iri tare da abubuwan haɓaka girma. Cika hatsi tare da abubuwan gina jiki, kamar ruwan ‘ya’yan Aloe. Don yin wannan, ɗauki tsire-tsire waɗanda suka kai shekaru uku. Ana sanya tsaba a kan faranti don kada su taɓa kuma a zuba da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace. Bar kwana daya. Kada a wanke kuma a bushe kadan.
Don shuka, shirya ƙasa a kan tushen vermicompost ko cakuda ƙasa, wanda yakamata ya sami abun da ke gaba:
- 1 part peat,
- 1 part na humus,
- 1 sashi na yashi.
Ana zuba ƙasa a cikin kwantena da aka shirya: cassettes, drawers, kofuna na filastik, tukwane na peat. Kofuna daban-daban sune mafi kyawun zaɓi.Za su ba ku damar guje wa tsarin girbi saboda eggplants suna da matukar damuwa kuma galibi ba sa samun tushe bayan hanya. Yana wucewa mai yawa watering. Ana shuka tsaba a watan Fabrairu – farkon Maris. An rufe su zuwa zurfin 1.5-2 cm. An rufe su da peat a saman kuma an rufe su da filastik.
Kulawar sprout
Na farko, kwantena tare da dasa tsaba ana barin su dumi (24-26 ° C) har sai sprouts ya bayyana (daga kwanaki 5 zuwa 21, dangane da matakin shirye-shiryen tsaba). Sannan ana saukar da alamun zuwa 16 ° C a rana da 13-14 ° C da dare. Ana kiyaye wannan zafin jiki na kwanaki 5, don kada seedlings ya shimfiɗa. Sauran kwantena tare da tsire-tsire ana sanya su a cikin yanayi mai kama da filin buɗe ido microclimate. Alamun rana ya kamata su kasance 26-28 ° C, dare – 15-17 ° C. Makonni 2 kafin dasa shuki, tsire-tsire sun fara taurare. Don wannan dalili, ana fitar da tasoshin da sprouts a kan titi. Na farko, don sa’o’i 1-2, to, lokaci yana ƙaruwa a hankali.
A watan Maris, hasken rana bai isa ba don cikakken ci gaban harbe, don haka ana haskaka su da na’urori daban-daban: fitilun hasken rana, fitilun LED, phytoamplifiers.
Eggplant seedlings na bukatar akai danshi ƙasa. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da dumi, ruwa mai tsafta. Dole ne a yi amfani da shi a ƙarƙashin tushen sosai don kada ruwa ya wanke ƙasa kuma kada ya lalata ganye mai laushi.
Ana ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da abubuwan da suka ƙunshi nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium, don haka mafita da aka shirya akan superphosphate, potassium sulfate da urea zasu zama masu amfani. Ana amfani da takin zamani a matakai 2:
- a cikin lokaci na 2 real ganye,
- makonni biyu bayan wanda ya gabata.
Idan an shuka tsaba a cikin akwatin gabaɗaya, to, a cikin kashi 1-2 na waɗannan ganye, ana nutsar da tsire-tsire. Don yin wannan, kwana ɗaya kafin hanya, ana shayar da su sosai. Ɗauki kwantena tare da ƙarar 200-250 ml, barci tare da cakuda ƙasa don seedlings. Yi rami. Ana cire tsire-tsire tare da spatula daga tasoshin tare da wani yanki na ƙasa. Idan ginshiƙin tsakiya yana da tsayi, tsunkule. Ana sanya shuka a cikin rami, ana shayar da shi, an rufe shi da ƙasa kuma an haɗa shi.
Dasa shuki
Kyakkyawan sakamakon mai kyau seedlings
Ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa lokacin da barazanar sanyi mai maimaita ta wuce, kuma iska da ƙasa suna dumi sosai. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don ingantaccen ci gaban eggplant shine 22-24 ° C, tare da alamun ƙasa 13-14 ° C waɗanda ke dakatar da haɓaka. Saukowa yana faruwa a tsakiyar watan Mayu – farkon Yuni. Tsire-tsire ya kamata ya sami ganye na gaskiya 5-6 kuma ya zama 9-10 cm tsayi.
Ana shirya ƙasa a cikin kaka. Eggplant Vera ya fi son ƙasa mai haske wanda pH dole ne ya zama tsaka tsaki. Idan acidity ya yi yawa, an cire shi ta hanyar shigar da lemun tsami ko garin dolomite a cikin ƙasa. Hakanan kuna buƙatar cika ƙasa tare da abubuwan gina jiki.Don wannan dalili, ana saka takin gargajiya a ciki. Don murabba’in 1. m. 1.5-2 buckets na ruɓaɓɓen taki ko takin, 20 g na potassium sulfate, 20 g na superphosphate an kara.
A cikin bazara, ana kuma ƙara samfuran da ke ɗauke da nitrogen (potassium nitrate – 20 g da 1 m2). Ana yin saukowa a ranar gajimare bisa ga tsarin 40 * 60 cm. Kwanaki kaɗan kafin wannan, ƙasa ta sassauta. Sannan su shirya ramukan. Zurfinsa ya kamata ya zama 10 cm. Ana shigar da 300-400 ml na ruwan dumi a cikin kowane ɗayan. Ana sanya tsire-tsire a cikin su tare da dunƙule na ƙasa ko kofuna na peat. Yi barci tare da ƙazanta, ɗan haɗaka. Sanya wani Layer na ciyawa, wanda aka ɗauka azaman peat. Saukowa ba su dame kusan kwanaki 10. Idan yanayin rana ne, duhu aubergines.
Taki
Don ƙara yawa da ingancin amfanin gona, kuna buƙatar ciyar da shi. Wajibi ne a bi shawarwarin da aka ba da shawarar a kan adadin kwayoyi, tun da yawan ma’adanai na iya haifar da kishiyar sakamako: tsire-tsire za su yi girma a cikin koren taro don cutar da samuwar ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Ya kamata a yi amfani da taki bisa ga wani tsari sau 3-4 a kowace kakar.
A karo na farko ana amfani da suturar saman 2-3 makonni bayan saukowa a wuri na dindindin. Don yin wannan, an zubar da eggplant tare da bayani na abubuwan da ke dauke da nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium. 10 g na kowane samfurin ana ƙara zuwa 10 l na ruwa. Ana amfani da takin mai zuwa a cikin tazara na makonni 2-2.5, wanda ke ninka adadin.
Watse
Yakamata a shafa ruwa kadan, domin tsire-tsire ba za su iya jure rashi ko wuce gona da iri ba. Shayar da amfanin gona yayin da saman saman ƙasa ya bushe. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da ruwa mai dumi, wanda aka yi amfani da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin tushen.
Bayan kowane danshi, ƙasa tana kwance. A cikin tazarar layi, ana shuka ƙasa zuwa zurfin 10-12 cm, kusa da bushes – 4-5 cm. A lokaci guda kuma, dole ne a cire ciyawa don kada su cinye danshi da abubuwan gina jiki.
Cututtuka da kwari
A cewar bayanin, eggplants na Vera suna fuskantar cututtukan fungal, da mamayewa na dankalin turawa na Colorado. Wasu kwari ba a cika samun su ba.
Kula da Cututtuka
- Baƙar fata – yana yiwuwa a warke idan cutar ta kasance a farkon matakan ci gaba. An cire tsire-tsire da aka shafa, ana bi da ƙasa tare da fungicides: a cikin foda – Glyokladin, a cikin hanyar bayani – Fitosporin, Alirin, Gamair, Planriz, KHOM, Previkur. Idan ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen ba, kuna buƙatar yayyafa ƙasa tare da cakuda ash, gawayi da yashi kogi.
- Blight – Yi amfani da ruwa na Bordeaux ko 0.2% jan ƙarfe sulfate maganin yaƙi. Irin waɗannan kwayoyi suna da tasiri: Quadris, Antracol, Consento. Suna kuma yayyafa tokar itace.
Kula da kwaro
Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro larvae da manya ana tattara da hannu. Don tsoratar da kwari, ana dasa marigolds ko Basil a cikin gado.
Binciken
Cututtuka da kwari ba za su shafi eggplants ba, idan kun bi waɗannan shawarwari:
- don lalata ƙasa kafin shuka iri, saboda ƙwayoyin cuta suna zaune a ciki.
- baya barin yalwar moistening na ƙasa,
- kar a shuka amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa acidic,
- kauce wa shuka mai kauri.
- samar da eggplant da haske mai kyau,
- kada ku cika tsire-tsire tare da takin mai magani na nitrogen,
- Cire saman kayan amfanin gona na dare bayan girbi orcs.
Don hana ci gaban cututtuka, yayyafa su da tafarnuwa tincture. Don yin wannan, ɗauki 200 g na tafarnuwa minced, zuba lita 3 na ruwa, nace na kwanaki da yawa. Kafin amfani, tsoma da ruwa a daidai adadin. Hakanan zaka iya bi da tsire-tsire tare da maganin magani (rabo 1: 1 da ruwa). Don dalilai na rigakafi, ana kuma fesa su da fungicides.
ƙarshe
Irin nau’in aubergines na Vera suna ƙara samun karbuwa saboda yawan ɗanɗanonsa. Abincin da aka yi da waɗannan kayan lambu suna da lafiya sosai, don haka yakamata a haɗa su cikin menu na kowane iyali.
