Ayyukan bazara a cikin ƙasa sun haɗa da germination na tsire-tsire na kayan lambu da kuma dasa su na gaba a cikin ƙasa. Ga wasu amfanin gonakin lambu, wannan ya zama gwaji mai tsanani. Domin shuka eggplants da kyau, dole ne ku bi ka’idodin fasahar aikin gona.
Transplanting eggplant seedlings
Halayen kayan lambu
Eggplant shine amfanin gona na kowa a kudu. Don yanayin da ya fi muni, halayen girma da ripening ‘ya’yan itace ba koyaushe ke ƙarewa cikin girbi mai karimci ba. A cikin yankuna masu matsakaicin yanayin yanayi, ana zaɓar nau’in farkon farkon girma, lokacin ciyayi wanda shine kwanaki 100-120, yayin da na tsakiya da ƙarshen iri suna cin lokaci kuma suna girma a cikin kwanaki 130-150.
Akwai dalilai da ke dagula tsarin ci gaban shuka:
- Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don girma tsiro na eggplant shine 18 ° C. Ga yawancin tsire-tsire da aka noma, baya wuce 12 ° C.
- Hakanan karatun yanayin zafi yana da mahimmanci don shuka iri. Eggplants ba sa son canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki, sun fi son kwanakin dumi da dare. Don wannan, yana da mahimmanci don kula da tsarin mulki na 18-26 ° C. Rage zafi zuwa 13 ° C yana sa harbe su sauke ganye, furanni da ovaries. Frost na iya lalata shuka nan da nan.
Mafi karɓuwa wurin girma eggplants ana daukar a greenhouse. Yin amfani da suturar fim na wucin gadi kuma yana da tasiri mai kyau akan amfanin gona. Hakanan ana lura da sakamako mai kyau lokacin amfani da manyan wuraren da agrofiber ya rufe.
Tsire-tsire suna da kyau a wuraren da aka fallasa rana da iska, ba sa jure wa wurare masu inuwa, don haka kada a dasa su kusa da sauran tsire-tsire masu tsayi, shinge ko shinge.
Seedling shiri
Masu lambu sun dogara da kalandar shuka don zaɓar mafi kyawun kwanaki don dasa kayan lambu. Game da aubergines, suna mai da hankali kan zaɓin iri. Don shuka, ana ɗaukar tsaba masu shekaru 2-3 azaman zaɓi mai kyau: suna da yuwuwar haɓakar haɓakawa da ɗan gajeren lokaci idan aka kwatanta da bara.
Don shuka tsaba da aka zaɓa, yi amfani da swabs na auduga ko fayafai da aka jika da ruwan dumi ko ruwan sama. . Yadudduka na chiffon na iya lalata harbe-harbe masu laushi da tushen, saboda haka yana da kyau a ƙi amfani da su. Tushen auduga da aka jiƙa kowace rana don kwanaki 5-6 yana sa tsaba su kumbura kuma su saki tushen.
Wani muhimmin mataki shine disinfection na germinated tsaba. Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu:
- Yin amfani da 3 ml na hydrogen peroxide, wanda aka kara da 100 ml na ruwa. Ana daidaita ruwa zuwa 40 ° C. A ciki na minti 10. jiƙa iri nan da nan kafin shuka. Wani lokaci ana maye gurbin peroxide tare da potassium permanganate.
- Na tsawon sa’o’i da yawa, ana sanya iri don shuka a cikin ruwan zafi, amma ba a tafasa ba. Irin wannan aikin a nan gaba zai taimaka wa seedlings don tsayayya da cututtuka.
Ana sanya tsire-tsire nan da nan a cikin kwantena daban. Don haka, ta hanyar dasawa tushen ƙasa da lalacewa. Mafi dacewa shine kofuna na peat. 70% na abun da ke ciki shine peat kuma 30% shine kwali, wanda ke rubewa da kyau a cikin ƙasa har tsawon kwanaki 30 ba tare da lalata shi ba. Irin waɗannan tukwane suna da babban amfani: ba lallai ba ne don shuka tsire-tsire daga gare su, kawai sanya su tare da gilashi a cikin rami.
Ƙasar don dasa tsaba yakamata ya haɗa da abubuwan da suka dace da juna, kamar takin, yashi, peat, ƙasa da aka saya don tsiro, ciyawa, taki. Duk wani abun da ke ciki ya kamata ya mamaye 2/3 na akwati wanda za a sanya tsaba a ciki, sannan a zuba shi da ruwan dumi.
Ana sanya kofuna 1-2 a cikin gilashin ko tukwane zuwa zurfin ƴan santimita kaɗan, an yayyafa shi da ƙasa da sauƙi kuma a sake shayar da su. Ba a buƙatar ƙaddamar da ƙasa yayin dasawa, saboda eggplant yana buƙatar iskar ƙasa mai kyau.An rufe kwantena da gilashi ko polyethylene, an sanya su cikin wuri mai dumi, mai haske tare da zafin iska na 25-26 ° C.
Ana cire murfin lokacin da aka ga rabin harbe. Idan ba a yi haka ba, yawan zafi da zafi za su lalata shukar. A cikin makonni 2 bayan shuka, duk tsaba da aka sanya a cikin kofuna da tukwane ya kamata suyi girma. Daga cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire guda 2, zaɓi wanda ya fi ƙarfi, na biyu an cire shi a hankali daga akwati.
Shirya dashen aubergine
Don ƙasa, zaɓi sashin rana
Tsire-tsire suna farawa bisa ga yanayin yanayi, lokacin da aka samar da kwanciyar hankali ba tare da canje-canje kwatsam ba. Marigayi Mayu, farkon watan Yuni ya dace da wannan. Yana da mahimmanci kada a jinkirta tsarin don kada tsire-tsire su wuce kwantena.
Zuba ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire tare da ruwa mai yawa ‘yan sa’o’i kadan kafin ɗaukar su – wannan zai sa ya fi sauƙi don canja wurin su zuwa sabon wuri.
Dasa tsire-tsiren eggplant a matakin makarantar sakandare shima ya haɗa da taurin farko. Ana fitar da tsiron a cikin iska mai daɗi a gefen rana, a bar shi na ɗan lokaci. A hankali ƙara tsawon irin wannan tafiya daga minti 10. har zuwa 2-3 hours.
Mataki mai mahimmanci shine shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki eggplants.Tsarin gadaje na waje yana farawa a cikin fall, yayin da ake shirya wuri don greenhouse, ba daga baya fiye da makonni 3 kafin tsomawa.
Yana da ma’ana don dasa tsire-tsire zuwa shafuka masu wasu halaye:
- rana, kariya daga iska da zayyana.
- tsayi ko ma,
- tare da ƙasa mai laushi da haske.
- inda aka shuka kayan lambu, wake, dankali, Peas, karas ko beets a shekarar da ta gabata.
Clay ƙasa, wanda zai iya kula da babban zafi matakin a cikin tushen. Ba duk ƙasa ba ne ke da irin wannan kaddarorin, amma ingantattun kafofin watsa labarai za a iya gyara ta ta ƙara kowane ɗayan abubuwan da suka ɓace.
Don ƙara yawan danshi a cikin ƙasa, yi amfani da taki mai lalacewa, sawdust da peat tare da lissafin ƙara 2 buckets da 1 m2. Tsarin alumina mai yawa yana kwance da yashi kogi, balagagge takin, ko rabin ruɓaɓɓen sawdust. Kasancewar yashi mai yawa a cikin ƙasa yana daidaitawa ta hanyar ƙara peat, sawdust da takin, kuma ana maye gurbin rinjayen tushen peat da sod da takin ƙasa.
Madaidaicin ƙasa mai haɓaka da takin mai magani. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana amfani da ash itace, urea, potassium sulfate da superphosphate. An gabatar da adadin abubuwan da ake buƙata a cikin ƙasa, bayan haka suna buƙatar tono wani wuri tare da cin zarafi na saman saman zuwa zurfin 30 cm. A cikin bazara, bayan ruwan sama, sun sake tono yankin a ƙarƙashin eggplants. , kawar da ciyawa, wuce haddi tushen da datti.
Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa
A ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon lokacin rani, ana dasa shuki. Eggplants na gida a ƙasa. Don wannan dalili, an shirya gadaje na musamman. Ana zubar da manyan raƙuman ruwa har zuwa 30-45 cm tare da nisa tsakanin layuka na akalla 90-100 cm. A wannan yanayin, don 1 square. m yana wakiltar ba fiye da 3 shuke-shuke. An shimfiɗa su a cikin tsarin dubawa – wannan yana sa kulawa ya fi sauƙi kuma yana ba da damar rana da iska mai kyau don shiga su.
Da kyau, yana yiwuwa a dasa eggplants kwanaki 50-70 bayan fitowar. Tsire-tsire a wancan lokacin yakamata su kai 30-35 cm tsayi, suna da ganye 7-10 akan kara. Zaɓi tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi waɗanda zasu iya dacewa da sabbin yanayin rayuwa.
Yana da daraja aƙalla 15-20 cm don zurfafa ramukan don seedlings. Ana zuba 1-3 l na ruwan dumi a cikin kowannensu. Ana jigilar tsire-tsire a cikin tukwane na peat ko tare da yanki na ƙasa. A lokaci guda kuma, tushen yana zurfafawa fiye da baya, yana haɓaka matakin ƙasa zuwa farkon ƙananan ganye.
Lokacin da aka canza shi zuwa greenhouse, eggplant yana samun danshi mai yawa ta hanyar fesa ramukan da bindiga mai feshi.
Suna ƙoƙarin takin shuka akai-akai. Wannan aikin yana da alaƙa da bayyanar ƙasidu. Ana samar da takin ne bayan ganye 2, 5, 7 da 10, da kuma lokacin fure, bayyanar ovaries da ripening ‘ya’yan itace.Bayan dasawa, an shirya suturar saman don seedling a ranar 10 ta amfani da hadadden ma’adinai da takin gargajiya. .
Kula da shuka bayan dasawa
Ana siffanta shi da sha’awa da son zafi. Kula da shi yana da wasu halaye:
- Kayan lambu suna son shayarwa akai-akai – ƙasa a tushen ya kamata ya zama m, musamman a lokacin lokacin da akwai ƙarancin ruwan sama.
- Eggplant sau da yawa yana da matsalolin pollination. . A wannan yanayin, ana aiwatar da shi da hannu.
- Shirye-shiryen shuka ya kamata ya zama na yau da kullum.
- Samuwar tsire-tsire don haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa ya haɗa da tsinke harbe na sama da na gefe. Ana fitar da furanni da suka wuce gona da iri, gurɓatattun ovaries, da busassun ganyen da suka kamu da cutar.
- Ana bincikar seedling lokaci-lokaci don cutar ko kwaro a cikin lokaci. A irin waɗannan lokuta, yana da taimako don amfani da mafita masu dacewa lokacin fesa.
- Don samun damar samun iska mai kyau zuwa tsarin tushen, ana sassauta ƙasa aƙalla sau 5 a lokacin bazara.
- Ana tara ‘ya’yan itatuwa akan lokaci yayin balaga na fasaha. . Jiran cikakken ripening na eggplant akan daji, yawan amfanin sa yana raguwa.
ƙarshe
Girma kayan lambu daga tsaba na eggplant ba aiki mai sauƙi ba ne. Mai lambu, bayan yanke shawarar wannan matakin, dole ne ya yi duk abin da zai yiwu.Ya kamata a ɗauki kulawa ta musamman lokacin zabar ƙasa don seedlings, shirya canja wuri, zana tsarin ban ruwa da hadi, samar da al’ada tare da haske mai daɗi da yanayin zafi.
