Yanayin yanayin Ural yana da tsanani kuma maras kyau ga yawancin al’adun kudanci. Amma noman eggplants a cikin Urals ya yiwu godiya ga kokarin masu shayarwa. Kuna iya shuka kayan lambu kawai ta bin ka’idodin fasahar noma.
Eggplant iri-iri ga Urals
Mafi kyawun iri don Urals
Da farko, zaɓi nau’ikan eggplants masu dacewa don Urals. Abubuwan amfanin gona na farko suna girma cikin nasara, suna girma cikin kwanaki 90-120 daga farkon fitowar seedling. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar shuka kayan lambu masu matsakaicin matsakaici a cikin kwanaki 140.
A cikin wannan yanki, farkon nau’in Quartet iri-iri shine ya fi kowa, yana da sauƙin girma a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Ana shuka shi a cikin bude ƙasa. An girbe bayan kwanaki 107-122 na maturation. Dajin yana yaduwa, ya kai 60 cm tare da ƙananan kodadde purple ganye. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne purple-kore, gajere, pear-dimbin yawa, maras ban sha’awa. A tsawon sun kai 15 cm. Diamita – har zuwa 7 cm, ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da haske kore, na matsakaicin yawa. Yawan aiki har zuwa 20 kg tare da 10 m2.
Sauran farkon eggplants suma sun dace da noma a cikin Urals:
- Mai dadi 163,
- Donetsk mai ‘ya’yan itace,
- Dwarf a farkon 921,
- kasashen waje,
- farkon ripening 148,
- Farkon Czech,
- Wagon tasha.
Bushessa suna da matsakaicin tsayi, har zuwa 60 cm, a mafi yawan lokuta rassa. Kowannensu yana girma 10-15 shuɗi tare da jimlar nauyin har zuwa kilogiram 2. Ba su da girma: 100-150 g, daban-daban tabarau na purple, pear-dimbin yawa ko cylindrical. Pulp – matsakaicin yawa daga fari zuwa fari-kore. Kayan lambu ba tare da haushi ba, suna da babban dandano.
Girma seedlings
Kafin dasa shuki, ana shirya tsaba. An shafe su da 1% potassium permanganate na minti 20-30
Bayan haka ana ajiye su na tsawon sa’o’i 2 a cikin maganin abubuwan da aka gano. Wannan yana taimakawa harbe ya tashi da sauri. Ba a aiwatar da matakai don siyan wake da aka sarrafa.
Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba su da kwanciyar hankali don dasawa, saboda haka suna shuka tsaba nan da nan a cikin sel daban-daban tare da ramukan magudanar ruwa. Yi amfani da kofuna, kwalabe na filastik, tukwane na fure, kaset.
Kafin shuka, an cika su da ƙasa, shayar da su. Ana saukar da tsaba 1-2 zuwa zurfin 1 cm, an rufe shi da ƙasa, an shayar da ɗanɗano. Bayan haka, ana shayar da su yayin da ƙasa ta bushe a ƙarƙashin tushen, amma tare da ruwan dumi kawai a 25 ° C.
Wajibi ne don shuka seedlings a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin, wanda aka bari har sai ya fito. Ana kiyaye zafin jiki aƙalla 25 ° C.
Bayan an ɗaga seedlings, ana sanyaya iska zuwa 17-18ºC. Wannan wajibi ne don taurara seedlings, wannan zai ba ku damar girma tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi.
Shuka da kulawa
Eggplant shuka seedlings
Fasaha don dasa amfanin gona a cikin fili da greenhouses iri ɗaya ne. Ana dasa tsire-tsire daga cikin kwalaye a cikin ƙasa takin da peat, humus 1 cm zurfi fiye da a cikin kwalaye. Ƙasar saman tana danne kuma ana shayar da ita. Yanayin zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama sama da 15 ° C, iska kada ta kasance ƙasa da 18 ° C.
Ana shayar da tsire-tsire sau ɗaya a mako. Bayan bayyanar ‘ya’yan itatuwa, ana shayar da ruwa sau 2 a mako.
Girbi a lokacin balaga na fasaha. Wannan yana nufin cewa ainihin halayen ‘ya’yan itace sun dace da bayanin irin nau’in nau’in.
Gidan Gida
Ana dasa kayan lambu a cikin greenhouses a cikin rabi na biyu na Fabrairu, farkon rabin Maris. Yayin da tsire-tsire ke girma, mafi kyawun zafin jiki ya kamata ya kasance: a lokacin rana 25-27 ° C, da dare 16-18 °. Don ma’auni, ana amfani da ma’aunin zafi na 2: kusa da ƙasa da kuma ƙarƙashin rufin greenhouse.
A cikin greenhouse, ana shuka amfanin gona a cikin jere 1. Nisa tsakanin seedlings ya kamata ya zama 45 cm. Koyi yadda ake shuka iri a cikin tsarin abin dubawa. A wannan yanayin, ana kiyaye 60 cm tsakanin bushes kuma amfanin gona yana ɗaukar hoto. Tana buƙatar haske na halitta mai haske 12 hours a rana.
Ana haskaka su da fitulun kyalli ko phytolamps. Ana samun su a sama da bushes a tsayin 50-60 cm.
A kwanakin mafi zafi da aka samu a kudancin Urals, kayan lambu suna buƙatar kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Don yin wannan, an jefar da wani sutura mai haske a kan greenhouses.
Masu lambu suna ba da shawarar ajiye aljihu na ƙarancin iska da ƙarancin ƙasa mai yawa. Ana yin shayarwa da sassafe. Ƙasar ta cika kuma ana samun iska don rage cututtukan fungal.
A cikin greenhouse, amfanin gona yana girma sau da yawa fiye da a cikin bude ƙasa. An daure ta da trellis. Girbi na greenhouse aubergines a watan Yuni.
Bude filin
Shuka seedlings a tsakiyar watan Mayu da farkon rabin Yuni. Zamorsky, Universal, Quartet iri sun dace.
Lambu suna amfani da nasu tsiron. Yana da tushe da kyau ba tare da ɗaukar hoto ba, kuma kamar yadda aikin ya nuna, irin waɗannan bushes sun fi ƙarfi kuma sun fi haihuwa.
Juyawa amfanin gona yana da matuƙar mahimmanci. Eggplant ya kamata a girma kusa da sauran tabarau – dankali, barkono, tumatir, amma ba bayan su ba. Mafi kyawun magabata ga kayan lambu sune legumes, karas, da squash.
Yana da kyau a shuka ba ma spast seedlings. Tsaya nisa daga 30-35 cm tsakanin bushes da 50-60 cm tsakanin layuka.
Ya bambanta da greenhouse, inda aka fi amfani da ƙasa mai gina jiki, a cikin bude ƙasa amfanin gona yana buƙatar takin ma’adinai:
- nitrogen – don ci gaban tsarin ciyayi;
- phosphorus – don flowering, samuwar ovaries;
- potassium – don ci gaban ‘ya’yan itatuwa, ƙarfafa rigakafi na shuka.
Bayan bayyanar ‘ya’yan itatuwa a kan bushes, barin 10-15 mafi kyawun eggplant An girbe a watan Agusta – farkon Satumba, amma koyaushe kafin sanyi.
ƙarshe
Haɓaka ƙwanƙwasa, ƙwanƙwasa masu zafin zafi a cikin Urals tsari ne mai ban sha’awa. Babban abu shine zaɓar nau’in farkon farkon. Masu lambu galibi suna shuka kayan lambu a cikin yanayin greenhouse. Ga yawancin su, al’adun kudancin ya zama ba kawai abin al’ajabi na lambun Ural ba, amma har ma tushen samun kudin shiga.
