Don tabbatar da cewa eggplant seedlings a cikin bude ƙasa jin dadi, shuke-shuke suna mai tsanani. An shirya gado a gaba tare da takin mai magani. Lokacin girma a cikin ƙasa mara kyau, bushes ba zai yi girma ba.
Siffofin dasa eggplants a cikin bude ƙasa
Kwanakin sauka
Don girma eggplants a cikin bude filin da farkon dace iri. Lokacin da seedlings suka kai tsayin 15-20 cm kuma 5-7 ganye na gaskiya sun bayyana akan su, tsire-tsire suna shirye don dasa shuki. Ya kamata seedlings ya kasance tsakanin kwanaki 60 zuwa 90, dangane da iri-iri da lokacin shuka iri. Wani lokaci sprouts sun riga sun fara tasowa.
An dasa Eggplant a cikin ƙasa mai budewa a yanayin zafin ƙasa na 18 ° C, iska mai zafi na 20-30 ° C. Yana da kyau cewa a wannan lokacin barazanar sanyi ya wuce, saboda tsire-tsire ba su jure yanayin zafi ba.
Zai fi kyau shuka seedlings a tsakiyar Rasha a ƙarshen Mayu – farkon Yuni.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Al’adar ta fi son haske mai kyau da wuri mai zafi, an kare shi daga zane. Ƙasa don dasa shuki eggplant dole ne ya hadu da halaye masu zuwa:
- numfashi,
- friabidad,
- haihuwa,
- tsaka tsaki acidity.
High pH an neutralized tare da dolomite gari ko alli.
Mafi kyawun abubuwan da suka dace don eggplant sune kabeji, karas, albasa, tafarnuwa, kankana, da legumes. Kada ku shuka a yankin da tsire-tsire na dare ya girma a da.
Fall shiri
Ya kamata a fara shirye-shiryen ƙasa a cikin fall. Don yin wannan, suna tono shi a kan shebur bayoneti, cire tushen perennials. Taki tare da sabon taki saniya (1 guga / m²).
Additives na ƙasa:
- yumbu da yumbu – ƙara 1 guga na yashi, 2 cubes na peat da game da 0.5 cubes na rabin-ripened itace sawdust,
- peat – ƙara guga na ciyawa, yashi da humus;
- yashi – ba 3 buckets na ƙasa yumbu, 2 buckets na peat da humus, guga na sawdust.
Bayan ƙara abubuwan da ake ƙarawa, ƙasa tana daidaita, ɗan ɗanɗano kaɗan. A farkon bazara, idan ƙasa ta bushe kaɗan, ana kwance ta da rake.
Shirye-shiryen bazara
Idan ba zai yiwu a shirya ƙasar kafin hunturu ba, yi shi a cikin bazara (ƙarshen Afrilu – farkon Mayu). Kuna buƙatar ciyar da taki mara kyau, wanda aka ƙara a lokacin tono. A lokacin aikin, ana tattara caterpillars, larvae da kwari. Har ila yau, ga kowane murabba’in mita, wani kofuna 2 na itacen ash, 1 tsp. urea, 1 tbsp. l superphosphate da potassium sulfate.
Sake ƙasa kafin shuka sau da yawa don kula da danshi, musamman bayan ruwan sama. A lokaci guda kuma, ana cire tushen ciyawa na farko. Kafin dasa, an daidaita ƙasa.
Shuka tsire-tsire
Dasa tsire-tsire na eggplant a cikin bude ƙasa yana da halaye na kansa. Don shuka amfanin gona mai kyau, kuna buƙatar sanin kanku da duk ka’idodin tsari.
A cikin gado suna yin ramuka kadan zurfi fiye da tsayin kwantena tare da seedlings. Nisa tsakanin su ya kamata ya zama 30-40 cm, tsakanin layuka – 60 cm. Ana shigar da lita 1-1.5 na ruwa a cikin rijiyoyin, ƙasa dole ne ta juya zuwa laka.
Shiga cikin shuka da dare
Zai fi kyau shuka tsire-tsire da dare ko a cikin yanayin girgije. Washe gari an lullube su da murfin takarda. Ana cire tsire-tsire a hankali daga akwati don kada ya lalata tsire-tsire. Don sauƙaƙe aikin zai taimaka shayarwar farko. Seedling dasa ne tare da dunƙule na ƙasa. Tono su cikin zurfin ganye na farko na ainihin ganye.Bayan wannan, an rufe tsire-tsire da ƙasa, ɗanɗano kaɗan, an rufe su da busasshiyar ƙasa ko peat. Wani lokaci, lokacin dasa shuki, ana sanya turaku kusa da eggplants, wanda aka ɗaure bushes idan ya cancanta.
Bayan dasa shuki, an rufe tsire-tsire da filastik filastik, yada shi a kan arches. Lokacin da aka kafa yanayin dumi (alamomin dare ya kamata su kasance aƙalla 15˚С), an cire kariya.
Shuka tsaba a cikin bude ƙasa
Eggplants suna girma a cikin bude ƙasa da seedlings. Ana shuka tsaba a zazzabi na ƙasa na 15-16 ° C. Kwanakin shuka ya faɗi a farkon watan Mayu. Kafin shuka hatsi, ana jika su a cikin ruwan dumi na tsawon sa’o’i 6. Bayan haka, ana sanya tsaba a kan sieve kuma ana kiyaye su a zazzabi na 18-25 ° C. Kafin dasa shuki, an bushe su kaɗan.
Lokacin da aka dasa, ana ƙara tsaba na sauran amfanin gona (radishes, letas) a cikin kwai. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ‘blues’ suna tsiro a hankali, kuma sauran tsire-tsire za su yi aiki a matsayin abin da ake kira tashoshi. Bugu da ƙari, kashi 30% na ballast ɗin humus ana ƙara shi cikin iri. Matsakaicin tsaba shine 0.2-0.3 g da 1 m².
Cuidado
Sirrin fasahar noma na buƙatar kulawar shuka da ta dace.
Watse
Ƙasa yana damun ƙasa akai-akai, yana hana ta bushewa. Ganyen amfanin gona suna da girma kuma suna fitar da danshi da sauri. Shrubs suna buƙatar ruwa musamman a lokacin ‘ya’yan itace. Amma ku yi shi cikin matsakaici.
Rashin ruwa yana da sakamako masu zuwa:
- furanni da ovaries sun fadi,
- ‘ya’yan itatuwa da aka noma sun fi ƙanƙanta.
- kayan lambu sun lalace.
Ya kamata a bar ruwan har yanzu kuma a dumi (akalla 20˚С).
Sako, sako da tudu
Lokacin kula da eggplant a cikin bude ƙasa, sassauta ƙasa abu ne mai mahimmanci. Yi bayan shayarwa ko ruwan sama. Abun ciki bai kamata ya kasance mai zurfi ba, kawai 3-5 cm, don kada ya lalata tushen tsarin. Wadannan magudi suna taimakawa wajen cika ƙasa da iskar oxygen.
Ta hanyar sassautawa, an cire ciyawa, in ba haka ba zai dauki wasu abinci mai gina jiki kuma ya kashe bushes. Ana kuma yin Hilling, kamar yadda shuka ta samar da ƙarin tushen. Wannan yana ƙaruwa da abinci mai gina jiki, don haka yana ba da gudummawa ga girbi mai kyau.
Abincin
Ana buƙatar takin kayan lambu sau da yawa a lokacin kakar. Yawancin samfuran da ke ɗauke da nitrogen suna lalata ‘ya’yan itace.
Ana amfani da taki tare da kiyaye sharuɗɗan da shawarwari masu zuwa:
- Na farko ciyar kwanaki 10-15 bayan shuka. Aiwatar 0.4-0.5 kilogiram na mullein ko fermented droppings tsuntsu, 10-15 g na superphosphate da adadin nitrogen da potassium takin mai magani a kowace 1 m².
- Ciyarwa ta biyu kwanaki 20 bayan wanda ya gabata. Adadin shirye-shiryen phosphorus da potassium yana ƙaruwa sau 1.5-2.
- Ciyarwar ta uku ita ce a farkon ‘ya’yan itace. Taki tare da wannan bayani: 60-80 g na urea da superphosphate, 20 g na potassium chloride, 10 l na ruwa. Amfani: 1 shawa ga kowane 5 m².
Bayan hadi, ana shayar da ƙasa da ruwa mai tsabta. Wannan zai hana tushen konewa. Kulawar kwai kuma ya ƙunshi amfani da suturar foliar. Shirye-shiryen da aka shirya ya kamata su kasance na ƙananan hankali, sau da yawa ƙasa da lokacin da aka yi amfani da su a ƙarƙashin tushen. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar hadi a cikin yanayi masu zuwa:
- a lokacin rani mai sanyi – ana yayyafa su da microelements,
- lokacin greasing shuke-shuke – ana bi da su tare da potassium,
- tare da rashin koren taro – ƙara nitrogen,
- a lokacin flowering – amfani da boric acid.
ƙarshe
Eggplant ya kamata a dasa a cikin bude ƙasa bisa ga wasu dokoki, masu lambu su dauki amfanin gona a matsayin thermophilic. Bugu da ƙari ga yanayin zafi mai dacewa, yana da buƙatu don tsari da haɓakar ƙasa.
Noman yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali, to, tsire-tsire za su ci gaba da kyau kuma su ba da ‘ya’ya.
