Manyan cututtuka na kabewa da maganinta –

Lokacin girma, masu lambu sukan yi asarar amfanin gona saboda lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta da fungal, da kuma harin ƙwayoyin cuta. Don magance cutar, suna amfani da shirye-shiryen sinadarai da magungunan jama’a.

Babban cututtukan kabewa da maganin su

Kwayoyin cuta

Kamar sauran amfanin gona na shuka a cikin dangin squash, zucchini yana fama da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda mafi yawansu shine bacteriosis.

Cutar kwayan cuta babbar haɗari ce ga amfanin gonar kabewa, yana haifar da babbar illa ga amfanin gona. An lalacewa ta hanyar mafi sauki microorganisms: phytopathogens, rinjayar duk vegetative gabobin kuma, daga baya, na iya haifar da ci gaban rigar rot da kuma tushen ciwon daji na shuke-shuke.

Cutar cututtuka

• launin ruwan kasa a kan foliage, wanda sai ya juya ya zama ramuka a cikin yankin jijiyar,
• launin ruwan kasa ulcers a kan ‘ya’yan itatuwa, haifar da nakasu.

A lokacin tsarin rayuwa da yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta na phytopathogenic, shuka yana dakatar da haɓakawa da haɓakawa, wrinkles foliage kuma ya mutu, yankan da peduncles sun yi kauri, gabobin shuka suna yin laushi da rugujewa, suna juya cikin ruɓaɓɓen taro.

Cututtuka suna bayyana lokacin da:

• canje-canje kwatsam a yanayin zafi dare da rana,
• yana ƙara ƙasa da yanayin muhalli,
• babban rabo na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa,
• rashin ingancin amfanin gona tare da sauran ciyayi na weedy,
• tsaba shuka waɗanda ba a kashe su ba.

Magunguna da matakan rigakafi

Yana da sauƙi don hana faruwar cutar kwayan cuta a cikin squash fiye da magance ta.Domin rigakafin, fasahar aikin gona da aka zaɓa da kyau tana taimakawa, gami da:

• kula da matsakaicin zafi a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa,
• iyakance rukunin taki mai dauke da nitrogen,
• kawar da ciyawa a kan lokaci,
• maganin iri kafin shuka, wanda yawanci ana amfani da zinc sulfate a cikin wani bayani tare da maida hankali na 0.02%,
• na yau da kullum samun iska na rufaffiyar zafi da greenhouses,
• m spraying na landings tare da lamba kafofin watsa labarai dauke da jan karfe ko hade daukan hotuna (misali, chlorine oxide a cikin wani bayani tare da taro na 0,4%).

Suna maganin bacteriosis ta hanyar fara cire wuraren da abin ya shafa da ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu cutarwa daga tsire-tsire, sannan a bi da su tare da 1% ruwa Bordeaux.

Cututtukan naman gwari

Copperwort

A cikin jama’a, kifin jan karfe, ko anthracnose na kimiyya, cuta ce ta fungal na zucchini wacce zata iya shafar gabobin ciyayi na shuka.

Akwai tsinkaya ga anthracnose a cikin kayan lambu masu girma da kuma ƙarƙashin yanayin greenhouse.

Lokacin da aka girma a fili, wannan cuta da wuya ta bayyana kanta.

Cutar cututtuka

• bayyanar gutsutsayen mitsitsin launin ruwan kasa akan faranti na ganye,
• rufe tushen da mai tushe da inflorescences tare da launin ruwan kasa tare da fure mai ruwan hoda.

Yayin da naman gwari ke tasowa, kabewa suna fara murƙushewa da rubewa, kuma maimakon gutsuttsura launin ruwan kasa, ramuka suna tasowa a cikin ganyayyaki.

Lokacin da aka fallasa su ga naman gwari, ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun fara rot

Lokacin da anthracnose ya shafi tushen tsarin, shuka ba zai iya tsira ba.

Dalilai da yawa sun fi son bayyanar da ci gaban cutar:

• wuce kima watering a bude ƙasa a cikin zafi weather,
• ambaliya da ƙãra zafi.
• neka tsaftataccen tsaftace ciyayi da ke saura bayan girbi.

Jiyya da matakan kariya

Matakan rigakafi suna ba da damar guje wa bayyanar da haɓakar anthracnose na fungal:

• a hankali girbi na fall dasa yankin a shirye-shiryen da lokacin hunturu,
• lalatawar ciyawa akai-akai,
• jujjuya amfanin gona tare da ingantaccen zaɓi na magabata da canza wurin dasa shuki na amfanin gona mai alaƙa kowane shekaru 3-4,
• kula da matsakaicin danshi na ƙasa,
• tsaba kafin shuka, wanda galibi suna amfani da allon boron, jan karfe da manganese tare da maida hankali na 0.2%;
• shayar da foliage yayin da tsire-tsire suke girma tare da samfuran halitta (misali phytosporin) tare da tazara na kwanaki 14.

Lokacin da alamun farko na anthracnose suka bayyana, nan da nan suna ɗaukar matakan warkewa: suna fesa tsire-tsire, wanda ake amfani da ruwa na Bordeaux (10 g na ruwa, 100 g na jan karfe sulfate da 100 g na farar ƙasa), sulfur colloidal a cikin hanyar. manna tare da maida hankali na 35% (daga 40 zuwa 100 g da 10 l na ruwa) ko polycarbocide a cikin wani bayani tare da maida hankali na 0,4%.

Lokacin da naman gwari ya cutar da kayan lambu da aka shuka a cikin greenhouses da ciyayi na iri, ana lalata tsarin da bleach kuma ana diluted g 200 a cikin ruwa lita 10. Babban lalata shuka kabewa shine dalili daya na lalata su.

Sclerotinia

Sclerotinia, ko fari rot: fungal kamuwa da cuta na squash lalacewa ta hanyar phytophagous naman gwari na wannan sunan. Yana haifar da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin alamun aiki.

Cutar cututtuka

• yankan ganye da ‘ya’yan itace, mai tushe da tsarin tushen an rufe su da fari mai yawa, furen auduga, wanda spores na fungal ya bayyana bayan ɗan lokaci,
• ɓangarorin ciyayi da abin ya shafa suna laushi, su zama slim kuma su mutu.

Abubuwan da suka dace don fitowa da haɓakawa:

• ƙananan yanayin zafi yayin da ƙasa mai girma da zafi na muhalli,
• daji mai kauri a ciki,
• rashin bin ƙa’idodin juyawa amfanin gona,
• rarar nitrogen a cikin ƙasa.

Jiyya da matakan kariya

Cutar na bukatar magani nan da nan

Don hana wannan cuta a cikin zucchini, koma zuwa:

• disinfection na ƙasa ta hanyar zubar da wani rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate,
• calcination na substrate kafin dasa shuki tsaba don seedlings,
• duban tsire-tsire na yau da kullun don lalacewa da kuma kawar da wuraren da abin ya shafa a kan lokaci,
• bandage foliar tare da urea da jan karfe sulfate (2 g na jan karfe, 10 g na fitsari (10 l na ruwa).

Lokacin da manyan alamun farar fata suka bayyana, ana yayyafa kabewa tare da ruwa na Bordeaux tare da jan karfe sulfate (100 g na farar ƙasa, 10 l na ruwa, 100 g na jan karfe sulfate).

Dakatar da tsarin yaɗuwar fungi yana ba da damar ƙura da wuraren da abin ya shafa tare da daidaita daidaitattun adadin jan karfe sulfate da alli ko ƙasan gawayi.

Basal rot

A causative jamiái na tushen rot su ne pathogenic fungi iya zama aiki a cikin ƙasa yadudduka na dogon lokaci.

Cutar Rivodit tana jinkirta ci gaban shuke-shuke: kayan lambu suna girma karami a girman, ƙananan foliage kuma suna samun launin rawaya, faɗuwar ovary.

Cutar cututtuka

• constriction a cikin tushen,
• canza launin tushen wuyan, tushen da kara zuwa launin ruwan kasa tare da bazuwar su na gaba,
• yellowing da nakasawa na ƙananan Layer na ganye,
• karfi na tasoshin a cikin sashin tushe.

Abubuwan da suka dace:

• kwatsam canje-canje a yanayin zafi,
• raunana shuka rigakafi,
• ƙananan zafin ruwa ban ruwa (kasa da 20 ° C);
• rashin ingancin girbi na ciyawa,
• Yawan aikace-aikacen taki ya wuce gona da iri.

Jiyya da rigakafin Matakan da

A matsayin ma’aunin rigakafi:

• ya cika ainihin buƙatun fasahar noma,
• yana ba da fifiko ga suturar saman foliar.

Idan an sami alamun farko na ɓarkewar tushen lokacin kula da kayan lambu:

• yayyafa wani Layer na ƙasa kusa da tushe don kunna samuwar sababbin tushen,
• Yayyafa zucchini tare da samfuran tushen tagulla waɗanda aka tsara don magance ruɓar tushen squash.

Ana cire tsire-tsire da tushen rot ya shafa, kuma wurin da aka shuka a baya an lalata shi da dnym vitriol.

Farin fure

Powdery mildew yana shafar ganye

Powdery mildew yana da fungal etiology kuma yafi rinjayar foliage na zucchini, amma a wasu lokuta ana gani a kan kara da kuma cuttings.

Cutar cututtuka

White spots a kan ganye, wanda daga baya karuwa a diamita, ci a cikin guda naúrar da kai ga mutuwar ganye.

Abubuwa da yawa suna ba da gudummawa ga bayyanar powdery mildew:

• kasa ambaliya,
• a cikin ƙasa mai girma na nitrogen,
• rashin ingancin tsaftacewa na wurin saukowa yayin da ake adana ciyawa.

Hanyoyin warkewa da na rigakafi

A cikin yaki da mildew powdery, yi amfani da magungunan magani:

• spraying tare da colloidal sulfur (20 grams da lita 10 na ruwa).
• tare da ƙasa sulfur foda (300 grams da 100 murabba’in mita na saukowa yankin),
• spraying tare da sodium phosphate (50 g da 10 l na ruwa).

Ƙananan lalacewa ga ganye ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta na fungal yana ƙone tare da jiko na mullein (1 kg a kowace lita 3 na ruwa, an sanya shi tsawon kwanaki 3, tace kuma 1 l yana diluted da 3 l na ruwa) ko kuma yayyafa shi da sulfur ƙasa.

Peronosporosis

Daga powdery mildew, fungal peronosporosis ko downy mildew kama da bayanin, ya kamata a bambanta.

Cutar cututtuka

• raunuka suna da mai a yanayi da launin rawaya,
• wani launin toka mai launin toka yana bayyana a ƙarƙashin ganyen, wanda ya ƙunshi spores na fungal.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da mildew powdery suna taimakawa wajen bayyanar da yaduwar naman gwari.

Jiyya da matakan kariya

A matsayin ma’auni na rigakafi, riga-kafin shuka na kayan iri da kuma bin fasahar aikin gona. Tushen tushen an maye gurbinsu da foliar, wanda ya ƙunshi zinc, boron da molybdenum.

Lokacin da manyan alamomin suka bayyana, ana fesa kayan lambu tare da potassium permanganate a cikin bayani (2 g da lita 10 na ruwa), samfuran halittu, tare da manyan raunuka – fungicidal tare da tsarin tsarin da mu’amala tare da tazara na kwanaki 10 da 5, bi da bi.

Baƙar fata

Cutar fungal galibi ana kiranta da ƙonewar ganye kuma tana shafar duk gabobin ciyayi na zucchini. Ba shi da tasiri mai karfi a kan alamun wasan kwaikwayo, duk da haka, yana haifar da raguwa a cikin gabatar da ‘ya’yan itatuwa da kuma yada sauri, saura a cikin tsaba, a cikin ƙasa da kayan aikin fasaha.

Cutar cututtuka

• bayyanar ƙananan ƙananan diamita na siffofi masu zagaye na launin ruwan kasa mai haske, wanda daga baya suka haɗu da juna, suna samar da wani wuri mai zurfi, an kafa iyakoki a kusa da necrosis.
• A tsawon lokaci, ganyen ya bushe, ya zama an rufe shi da baƙar fata, kuma ya faɗi.

Suna goyon bayan ci gaban baki mold:

• kwatsam canje-canje a yanayin zafi da dare da rana.
• gandun daji masu yawa.

Jiyya da matakan kariya

Cutar na iya kashe shuka

Babban ma’auni na rigakafin cutar baƙar fata shine dasa shuki da kuma lalata ƙasa tare da tsaftataccen ciyawa.

Maganin Bordeaux na iya dakatar da yaduwar cututtukan fungal ruwa tare da maida hankali na 1% da jan karfe oxychloride tare da maida hankali na 0.5%.

Fusarium

Fusarium wilt, ko bushewar bushewa, yana haifar da fungi ta hanyar sakin abubuwa masu guba waɗanda ke lalata tasoshin shuka, toshe wadatar abinci, kuma suna haifar da mutuwa.

Yana da halin mai da hankali, shiga ta cikin ƙasa da kuma raunin da ya kasance a kan shuka.

Cutar cututtuka

• deciduous ganye da mai tushe,
• samfurori marasa lafiya ba sa fure ko ba da ‘ya’ya,
• ganyen rawaya ya fado.
• tushen duhu.

Fa’idar Fusarium ya fi dacewa:

• ciyawa mai ci,
• shuka mai yawa,
• gazawar amfanin gona,
• wuce haddi na chlorine a cikin ƙasa,
• matalauta dorewa na kayan lambu namo.

Magunguna da matakan rigakafi

Yaƙi da fusarium a cikin mafi ƙarancin lokuta yana haifar da sakamako mai kyau da cikakken dawo da zucchini, don haka ya zama dole don hana wannan cuta:

• disinfect ƙasa da siderates.
• taurare iri da seedlings,
• fesa kabewa tare da samfuran halitta.

Cladosporiosis

Cladosporiosis tare da ilimin cututtukan fungal yana da wuya a cikin zucchini. Alamomin farko sune halayen tsakiyar lokacin girma, lokacin da fure da samuwar ovary suka fara.

Yana ba da damar haɓakar cladosporiosis tare da matsanancin zafi (90-95%).

Cutar cututtuka

Babban zafi na iya haifar da cuta

• rawaya spots masu girma dabam da kuma siffofi daban-daban,
• plaque mai haske a ƙarƙashin ganyen, yana juya launin ruwan kasa akan lokaci.

Jiyya da matakan kariya

Lokacin yaƙar tabo mai launin ruwan kasa Babban ma’auni an zaɓa daidai fasahar aikin gona.

A cikin kula da tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa, ana kula da kabewa da:

• iodine chloride (30 g na potassium, 40 saukad da aidin da 10 l na ruwa).
• ruwa (1 lita a kowace lita 10 na ruwa);
• tafarnuwa tincture (1 cloves da lita 10).

Zucchini kamuwa da cuta

Daga cikin cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na squash da ke gudana a cikin dangi sune mosaics kore da fari. Suna cutar da zucchini a lokuta masu wuya. Yana bayyana kanta a cikin nau’i na canjin launi na farantin veneer kuma ya rufe shi da tsarin mosaic. Rubutun yana curls da wrinkles na tsawon lokaci.

Kwayar cutar tana yaduwa ta tsaba. Don haka, maganin da aka riga aka shuka na tsaba shine ma’aunin rigakafi:

• dumama zuwa yanayin zafi har zuwa 70 ° C;
• miya tare da potassium permanganate.

Kula da kwaro a cikin zucchini

Cututtuka a cikin zucchini sukan faru saboda harin kwari akan su. Akwai:

• aphids na guna,
• tashi toho,
• Farin tashi,
• Jan gizo-gizo,
• slug.

Kafa kansu a cikin tsire-tsire, suna ciyar da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace kuma suna aiki a matsayin masu ɗaukar fungal spores da pathogenic microorganisms, haifar da bayyanar cututtuka.

Abubuwan da ke faruwa

• rashin bin fasahar noma,
• shuka mai kauri,
• babban zafi.

Hanyoyin warkewa da na rigakafi

Ana gudanar da jiyya na squash daga kwari da rigakafin faruwar su ga kowane kwaro na parasitic daban-daban:

• a cikin yaƙi da whitefly malam buɗe ido, abokan gaba na halitta: enkarzia, macrolofus bug, da ladybug,
• akan ja gizo-gizo na zucchini ana bi da su tare da infusions na tafarnuwa da albasa, decoctions dankali,
• mustard, barkono, lavender da sage da aka dasa kusa da su suna taimakawa wajen kawar da slugs,
• lokacin da aphid ya bayyana, kare zucchini waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen tsaftacewa da ruwa mai sabulu, aphid kuma yana jin tsoron sarrafa shi tare da infusions na taba (taba da aka sha da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:10 an shayar da shi don 1 rana da diluted 1: 3) yarrow (1 kg da 10 l, nace don kwanaki 2),
• Kuda mai tsiro ba zai samu gindin zama a shuka ba idan an girbe ciyawar a kan lokaci kuma an tona ƙasa sosai.

Suna amfani da maganin kashe kwari don manyan hare-hare.

A kan aiwatar da girma zucchini h ɗari saukowa fuskanci shan kashi cututtuka na daban-daban etiologies da kwari. Ana gudanar da maganin cututtuka da kuma kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyoyi daban-daban: jama’a da kuma tare da sinadaran sinadaran. Mafi kyawun ma’aunin rigakafi don adana amfanin gona shine rigakafi. Ci gaba da labarin …