Zucchini zucchini –

Daya daga cikin nau’in ‘ya’yan itacen zucchini na farko da ke fitowa a cikin masana’antar kayan lambu na gida, Zolotinka zucchini. An horar da shi a Rasha tun daga 80s na karni na karshe. Al’adun tsire-tsire sun sami karbuwa saboda yawan yawan aiki, kyawawan halaye na gastronomic, da kyan gani.

Zolotinka zucchini

Bayanin iri-iri

Zolotinka zucchini yana nufin zucchini iri-iri. Yana da santsi mai santsi, mai walƙiya na zinariya, wanda ya zama mafi bambanci a lokacin cikakken girma.

Matsakaicin nauyin ‘ya’yan itacen oval shine 0.5-1 kg, tsawon – har zuwa 15 cm. Naman zucchini shine orange ko rawaya-orange a cikin launi, yana dandana mai dadi, ƙwanƙwasa a cikin tsari, yana riƙe da girmansa na asali lokacin da aka kiyaye shi. Itacen ya ƙunshi babban adadin sukari (kimanin 4.2%) da daskararru (kimanin 8%).

Iri-iri yana girma da wuri, yana girma a cikin kwanaki 47-50 daga lokacin farkon germination.

Shuka shrub tare da kambi na daji wanda baya yadawa. Ya girma har zuwa 0,45 a tsayi. Yana da ikon samar da gashin ido a cikin rabi na biyu na lokacin girma, wanda ba shi da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan alamun aiki. Ganyen yana da haske kore, an zana shi a gefuna, tare da sifa mai siffa akan ganye a cikin nau’i na launin rawaya mai haske ko farar fata. Babu spines a kan mai tushe da petioles, babu balaga. Inflorescences suna da haske rawaya, pollinated kai.

Ayyukan

Alamun amfanin gona sun ƙunshi kusan kayan lambu 15 na shrub.

• Don noman masana’antu: daga 1 ya girbe har zuwa ton 25-35.
• A cikin gida mai zaman kansa: 8-10 kg a kowace m² na yanki da aka dasa.

Girbi

An shirya nau’in nau’in haɓaka mai girma don girbi kwanaki 12-14 bayan fure. A lokacin yawan ‘ya’yan itace, ana girbe kayan lambu sau biyu a tazara ta mako-mako. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari waɗanda suka girma da yawa suna rasa halayen halayen gastronomic.

Amfani mai amfani

Zolotinka zucchini ya dace don dafa manyan jita-jita, adanawa da tsintsawa, da kuma yin juice, suna cikin nau’ikan da ake amfani da su wajen samar da abincin jarirai.

Bayyanar cututtuka

Yawancin kwari suna shafar iri-iri. Musamman idan aka girma a cikin yanayin greenhouse.

Paras:

• Jan gizo-gizo,
• Farin tashi,
• kabewa aphid,
• germinated tashi.

A cikin lokuta masu wuya, nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in ya bayyana anthracnose (aibobi masu launin ruwan kasa a kan foliage) da fari rot. Vertex bacteriosis yana shafar lokacin girma a cikin yanayin greenhouse a ƙananan yanayin zafi da zafi mai yawa.

Binciken

Shuka ba ya son canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi

A matsayin ma’aunin rigakafi, ana amfani da ƙa’idodin fasahar aikin gona:

• lura da jujjuyawar amfanin gona, canza wurin shuka kowace shekara uku,
• tono ƙasa zuwa isasshen zurfin lokacin shiri a cikin fall, ta amfani da matakan disinfection,
• halakar da ragowar ciyayi.
• Lokacin girma a cikin greenhouses, suna kula da tsarin zafin jiki, guje wa canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi,
• tsaba suna mai zafi da kuma lalata su kafin dasa.

Don kare tsire-tsire, suna amfani da fesa tare da albasa da tafarnuwa infusions, maganin sabulu.

Ana amfani da maganin kashe kwari a cikin yaƙi da kwari da cututtuka kawai don haifar da babbar illa ga shuka, saboda amfanin gona na kayan lambu na da farkon maturation.

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani iri-iri

Dangane da bayanin iri-iri, Zolotinka squash yana da halaye masu kyau masu yawa:

• farkon fruiting da m ripening,
• al’adar tana da kyakkyawan yanayin kiyayewa, yana riƙe da ainihin bayyanarsa na dogon lokaci (watanni 2 ko fiye),
• iri-iri yana da juriya ga mildew powdery da adadin wasu cututtuka,
• babban adadin abun ciki na sukari, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da shi wajen samar da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, ciki har da abincin jarirai,
• yawan amfanin ƙasa,

Rashin amfani da Zolotinka:

• thermophilicity da ƙananan juriya ga ƙananan yanayin zafi,
• M kan-ripening kayan lambu a cikin wanda bai kai ga girbi.

Halayen fasahar noma

Zolotinka zucchini na cultivar yana girma a ƙarƙashin murfin fim a cikin yanayin greenhouse ko a cikin ƙasa buɗe ta hanyar seedling ko seedling.

Ka’idojin noma na asali:

• wuri mai haske don shuka kayan lambu,
• ƙasa mai kyau sosai tare da tsaka tsaki acidity, yayin da daidaita matakin acidity da ake buƙata yana ba da damar aikace-aikace a cikin farar ƙasa ko ash na itace,
• jujjuya amfanin gona da zaɓin magabata, don zucchini, mafi kyawun magabata shine dankali da albasa,
• isasshen nisa tsakanin bushes, saboda Zolotinka yana buƙatar wuri mai mahimmanci, tazara tsakanin shuka ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 1.0 m.
• dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai zafi har zuwa 10˚С-15˚С, shuka yana tsayawa a cikin haɓaka lokacin da alamun suka ragu zuwa 8˚С, kuma a lokacin sanyi na dogon lokaci ƙasa da wannan iyaka, ya mutu.

Shuka ta tsaba

Seedlings dole ne a thinned

Lokacin dasa shuki zucchini a cikin greenhouse ko yanayin buɗe ƙasa a cikin ramuka, saka 1.0-1.5 kilogiram na takin da tsaba 3-5 a lokaci guda.

Bayan na farko ganye saukowa kashe bakin ciki, barin a kowace rijiya daya ne kawai, mafi ƙarfi, shuka. A lokaci guda, ba a tara ƙarin harbe-harbe ba, amma a yanka a ƙasa da tushen don kauce wa lalacewar tsarin tushen akan harbi mai ƙarfi.

Idan babu seedling thinning, da seedlings za su shimfiɗa, a kaikaice matakai za a jinkirta ci gaba, wanda daga baya zai shafi lokacin da farkon flowering da samuwar ‘ya’yan itace.

Lokacin da ganye 4-5 suka bayyana, bushes sun rushe ƙasa mai ɗanɗano, wanda ke kunna haɓaka da haɓaka tushen tushen da ake buƙata don haɓaka abinci mai gina jiki.

Seedling sprouts

Don farkon girbi, zaɓi hanyar dasa shuki seedling. Kwantenan al’adun peat cike da ma’auni don girma seedlings sun dace da germinating seedlings.

Suna fara shuka daga farkon watan Mayu. Lokacin dasawa cikin ƙasa buɗe: bayan kwanaki 25-30, wato, a farkon Yuni, lokacin da akwai 2 ko fiye da ganye na gaskiya.

Don kauce wa mutuwar harbe-harbe saboda sanyi kwatsam, an rufe su da murfin fim. Zucchini baya yarda da danshi mai lalacewa, saboda haka ana yin ramuka a cikin fim ɗin a nesa na 1 cm. Wannan zai hana kumburi. A cikin yanayin yanayin zafi akai-akai, ana cire suturar fim.

Karin kulawa

Kulawar zucchini ya haɗa da mahimman matakan da ake buƙata don shuka kayan lambu.

Ciyawa

Kawar da ciyawa yana ba ku damar kula da cikakkiyar wadatar abinci mai gina jiki don zucchini.

A cikin tsarin kula da kayan lambu, ya kamata ku kuma cire ƙananan matakin foliage.

Furen da suka rage a kan corolla na ƙananan ovaries suna buƙatar cirewa, wanda bayan wani lokaci, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar danshi, ya fara lalacewa kuma ya haifar da lalacewa a cikin kayan lambu na matasa.

Watse

Tsarin ban ruwa na Zolotinka na yau da kullun shine kowane kwanaki 5 tare da sassautawar farko na saman saman ƙasa.

Babban sutura

A cikin matakin fure, Babban Tufafi na biyu

Tufafin saman taki na farko yana faruwa a lokacin da ganye na biyu ya bayyana akan harbe. A matakin farko, ana bada shawarar kwayoyin halitta azaman taki. Ana ciyar da na biyu da na uku tare da ma’adanai masu ma’adinai a cikin lokacin furanni da kuma lokacin lokacin samar da ‘ya’yan itace, bi da bi.

A guji hadaddun da ke ƙunshe da babban kaso na nitrogen a cikin samuwar nitrate. Yana adversely rinjayar da duration na m ajiya kayan lambu.

Tare da jinkirin haɓakawa da ƙarancin ‘ya’yan itace, amfanin gona na kayan lambu yana ciyar da urea a cikin nau’i mara tushe. Urea kiwo a cikin adadin 1 tablespoon. a cikin 10 l na ruwa. Ana fesa shukar tare da tazara na kwanaki 10-15.

Pollination

Don yada cultivar Zolotinka, ana shafa zucchini da hannu, ana ware harbe na maza da mata da daddare ta hanyar ɗaure su da ƙaramin gauze. da gauze.

Kuskuren amfanin gona na yau da kullun

Girma, masu aikin lambu suna yin kuskuren kuskure da yawa waɗanda ke rage yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma suna lalata halaye masu kyau. :

• Suna ba da izinin sauka a daskarewa ba tare da rufe su da dare ba. A sakamakon haka, rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa 10 ºC da ƙasa ya zama dalilin rashin pollination mara kyau, wanda ke haifar da rashin ovaries, yellowing da lalata.
• Ba a yin ciyarwa yadda ya kamata. Rashin potassium ko ƙarancinsa a cikin takin ma’adinai yana haifar da bayyanar ɓatattun ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu siffar pear, kumbura daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Ana iya gyara wannan ta hanyar takin shuka tare da ash (0,5 l na foda a ƙarƙashin daji) ko ta hanyar fesa Uniflor-bud ( teaspoons 2 a kowace lita 10 na ruwa). Rashin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa take kaiwa, akasin haka, zuwa kunkuntar tukwici na kayan lambu da walƙiya, don cika rashi tare da halatta gabatarwar taki ko tsuntsu droppings.
• Ba sa lura da na yau da kullun na ban ruwa. Rashin danshi shine babban dalilin manyan rubewar kayan lambu.

ƙarshe

Zolotinka zucchini yana daya daga cikin nau’in ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu launin rawaya na dangin kabewa, ya bayyana a cikin noman kayan lambu na gida. Bred don fara samar da ƙananan kayan lambu masu girma.