Ga mazaunan megacities, blackberries sun daɗe a cikin inuwa
mafi saba raspberries, mafi kamar m Berry.
Kuma ɗanɗanon sa ba ya da daɗi kamar na “danginsa,” kuma da wuya ya girma.
Amma yanayin ya canza a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan. Blackberry yana aiki
amfani da magani, dafa abinci, dietetics da cosmetology. Kuma fadi
An tabbatar da abubuwan da za a yi amfani da su ta hanyar binciken kimiyya.
Amfani Properties na blackberry
Haɗin kai da adadin kuzari.
Fresh blackberries sun ƙunshi (da 100 g): .
kalori 43 kcal
Nazarin abun da ke ciki na blackberries ya nuna cewa berries sun ƙunshi kaɗan
yawancin bitamin E, K, da C – kusan 15%, 17%, da 25% na waɗanda aka ba da shawarar.
bukatun yau da kullun (RDA), bi da bi. Musamman bitamin
K, wanda ke tabbatar da daskarewar jini kuma yana ƙarfafa kasusuwa.
gram 100 na ɗanyen blackberries ya ƙunshi matsakaicin
19,8 mgg.
Abubuwan ma’adinai na blackberries suna wakilta sosai. A in mun gwada da high
Mahimmanci a cikin berries, magnesium (5-7% na RDI), potassium (5-8%).
RDA) kuma musamman manganese (30-40% RDA), wanda ke taimakawa hanawa
osteoporosis
sarrafa sukarin jini, rage farfadiya
zanga-zanga. Har ila yau, daya daga cikin enzymes samuwa a cikin blackberries.
yana taimakawa manganese don samar da collagen kuma yana warkar da raunuka.
Binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje ya nuna cewa ‘ya’yan itatuwa ma sun ƙunshi
Apple,
ruwan inabi,
lemun tsami,
salicylic acid, kuma a cikin tsaba, kusan 9-12% na mai mai.
Kayan magani
Blackberries suna bin launin tawada ga anthocyanins.
– polyphenols. Godiya garesu, ana kiyaye lafiyar magudanar jini.
Kwayoyin suna samun kariya daga maye gurbi da ciwon daji, antioxidant
Properties na shuka mahadi iya rage hadarin wasu
yanayi na yau da kullun, gami da ciwon sukari.
Har ila yau, ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na Blackberry suna da antimutagenic a ciki
vitro (“in vitro”, a waje da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta) da kuma in vivo (“ciki
rayayyun kwayoyin halitta), canza hanyoyin watsa sigina a cikin sel da
abubuwan da ke hana kumburin ciki.
Don tallafawa wannan, masanan kimiyya sun kimanta tsantsar berries gwargwadon ƙarfinsu.
yana hana haɓakar adadin ƙwayoyin cutar kansar ɗan adam: layin sel adenosquamous
carcinoma na baka (CAL-27), nono (MCF-7), kauri
colon (HT-29, HCT116) da kuma layin cell tumor cell (LNCaP)
25 zuwa 200 μg / ml. Masu bincike sun tabbatar
cewa tare da karuwa a cikin ƙaddamar da ƙwayar berries, karuwa a cikin
hana yaduwar kwayar halitta a cikin dukkanin layin salula tare da daban-daban
matakin aiki tsakanin layin salula. .
Abubuwan phenolic a cikin blackberry suna da tasirin kariya akan sel.
kwakwalwa, hana shekaru masu alaka da cututtukan neurodegenerative
., Matsalolin fahimi da na mota da ke haifar da tsufa.
Tufts HNRCA Laboratory of Neurology and Aging PhD,
Barbara Shukitt-Hale, wanda ke yin gwaji tare da polyphenols daga daban-daban
berries, gudanar da gwaji da kuma 2% blackberry tsantsa, dubawa
tasirin irin wannan abincin don magance canje-canje masu alaƙa da shekaru a cikin
dakin gwaje-gwaje dabbobi. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa cin abinci na blackberry
ingantacciyar ƙarfin motsa jiki yayin magance matsalolin ma’auni,
daidaitawa da haddace. Dabbobi masu ciyar da Blackberry
ya nuna mafi kyawun ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan gajeren lokaci da mafi girman aiki.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na blackberry suna taimakawa wajen rage yiwuwar gudanwar jini.
Ana samun tasirin antithrombotic a cikin gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje
An haɗa shi da tsarin aiki mai aiki na endothelium na jijiyoyin jini,
kunna kwararar jini da raguwar zubar jini (anticoagulant
tasiri). .
Akwai kuma shaidar cewa ƙara yau da kullun na blackberries zuwa abinci
yana ba da damar ƙarancin ziyartar likitan haƙori. 2013 karatu
Ya nuna .cewa cirewa
Blackberry yana da kaddarorin antibacterial da anti-mai kumburi.
ga wasu nau’ikan kwayoyin cuta masu haifar da kogo
baki. Masu bincike sun yi gargaɗi da yawa
Nazarin, amma sun ba da shawarar cewa cirewar blackberry na iya taimakawa
hana lalacewar hakori
da kuma kula da cutar danko.
Bugu da ƙari, maganin antimicrobial, antidiabetic,
da anti-mai kumburi Properties na blackberry phenolic mahadi.
Har ila yau, wajibi ne don kafa ainihin tasiri na physiologically
maida hankali na blackberry phenolic mahadi a cikin vivo. Duk da haka, riga
Yanzu ya bayyana a fili cewa yuwuwar warkarwa na abubuwan tattarawar blackberry yana da yawa
m
Yiwuwar cirewar blackberry a cikin hanyoyin warkewa
shirye-shirye da nufin dakatar da asarar gashi da farfado da su
ci gaban gashi. Bugu da ƙari, ana nuna sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar
cirewa daga sassa daban-daban na shuka: ‘ya’yan itatuwa, tsaba, furanni, tushensu,
– ko da yake ana samun sakamako mafi mahimmanci tare da tsantsa
ganyen blackberry.
A cikin gwaje-gwajen dabba, shirye-shiryen da ke dauke da tsire-tsire.
a maida hankali na 90-300 mg / ml, bayan aikace-aikace na kwanaki 5-7
ya fara haɓaka haɓakar gashin gashi a cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa
yanki. Yana da mahimmanci cewa akwai canje-canje masu gani a cikin lokaci
regression na gashi follicle (telogen), kuma a cikin aiki lokaci
girma gashi (anagen).
Amfani a magani
A cikin magungunan kimiyya na hukuma, ba a yi amfani da shirye-shiryen blackberry ba tukuna.
Amma ruwan ‘ya’ya daga berries na wannan shuka ana wakilta sosai a cikin masana’antar kari na abinci.
Misali, masana’antun suna tallata kayan CO2 na blackberry
a matsayin maganin gudawa
da kuma gastritis,
ciwon makogwaro
da kuma pharyngitis,
ciwon kai da rashin barci,
da kuma maganin cututtukan fata iri-iri.
Kayayyakin Kayan kwaskwarima sun ƙaddamar da Cire Berry Don Yaƙar Rosacea
a matsayin samfur mai iya ƙarfafawa lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a waje
ganuwar jijiyoyin jini, inganta microcirculation da kawar da ja
piel
Hakanan ana iya siyan ganyen Blackberry a tattare.
a matsayin kari na ganye ko maye gurbin shayi. A cikin bayanin samfurin
An lasafta su ne bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic,
Sedave da restorative Properties na shuka.
A cikin magungunan jama’a
A cikin magungunan jama’a, blackberries sun shahara saboda abubuwan da ke hana kumburi.
antibacterial, restorative, jini tsarkakewa da waraka
kaddarorin. Sakamakon maganin kwantar da hankali da aka samu
Lokacin cin berries, ana bada shawara sau da yawa don cinye blackberries lokacin
cututtuka na tsarin juyayi (yanayin hysterical da prehistoric);
neurosis).
Amma gabaɗaya, ana ɗaukar wannan shuka azaman magani na duniya.
Don amfanin cikin gida da waje.
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari da ganyen blackberries sun kasance cikin buƙata mai yawa a cikin magungunan jama’a na dogon lokaci.
a matsayin wakili na warkewa don daidaita tsarin gastrointestinal:
- kawar da ciwon ciki,
- inganta motsin hanji,
- daina zawo da zubar jini a ciki,
- maganin cututtuka masu kumburi na ciki da ƙananan hanji (gastroenteritis).
Don enteritis, zawo, gastritis da zubar da ciki, murkushe
an zuba ganye (1 tbsp. l.) tare da ruwan zãfi (250 ml) kuma a zuba
kamar 3 hours. An sami sakamako na warkewa tare da sau 3
shan kudi a cikin adadin 100-150 ml kafin abinci. Hakanan zubar jini
tsaya tare da decoction na tushen blackberry a cikin wani rabo na 100 g na albarkatun kasa
da 500 ml na ruwa. An kwashe wannan cakuda da farko a cikin rabin sannan
iri, cike da kusan 250 ml na ja ja
ruwan inabi.
Ukrainian herbalists a cikin lura da na kullum enteritis wajabta.
amfani da ganyen marigold da furanni
A cikin rabo na 2: 1, an dauki wannan magani sau uku a rana zuwa
teaspoon. Bulgarian healers leaf decoction (har zuwa 20
g na albarkatun kasa da lita 1 na ruwa) an wajabta shi don gastritis, ulcers, zawo.
Blackberries a cikin magungunan jama’a har yanzu ana amfani dasu don dawo dasu
aiki na narkewa kamar fili, amma m berries ana bada shawarar don gyarawa
sakamako tare da zawo, kuma overripe, akasin haka, a matsayin laxative
tare da maƙarƙashiya.
Baya ga pathologies na gastrointestinal tract, blackberries suna cikin shirye-shiryen warkewa don:
- mura, tonsillitis, na kullum tari
(kurkure tare da cakuda decoction na ganye da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace a cikin rabo na 4: 1
makogwaro, da blackberry leaf teas suna bugu kamar diaphoretic), - cututtukan koda da hanta,
- zub da jini da kumburin gumi (a cikin cakudewar St. John’s wort
da ganyen blackberry), - Cututtukan mata tare da ciwon haila.
sake zagayowar (amfani da jiko na ganyen blackberry a cikin nau’in douches),
tare da kullum kumburi daga cikin farji, leucorrhea, - Rashin aikin jima’i na Physiological a cikin maza.
Blackberry a cikin magungunan jama’a ana kula da su.
Hakanan, a matsayin fitsari da diaphoretic, masu warkarwa na zamani
busasshen infusions na blackberry ana amfani da su ƙasa akai-akai kuma sau da yawa ana amfani da decoctions da infusions
ganye ko tushen shuka. Don yin wannan, yankakken tushen blackberry
Ana zuba (15 g) da ruwan tafasa (15 ml) na tsawon mintuna 20-300 sannan a sha.
1 tablespoon. l. kowane awa biyu.
A waje, a cikin nau’i na compresses daga ganye, ana amfani da kayayyakin blackberry.
don warkar da raunuka na purulent, eczema,
na kullum trophic ulcers, lichen zubar da kwayoyin zubar
cututtuka na fata.
Ana girbe baƙar fata da ƙananan ganye don dafa abinci.
magunguna a duk lokacin bazara. Bushe ganye
a cikin dakuna masu iska a cikin inuwa ko a cikin tanda a zazzabi
ba fiye da 50 ° C ba. A wannan yanayin, ganye, da kuma bayan bushewa, dole ne
kiyaye launi na halitta.
Akwai wata hanya ta shirya ganyen blackberry don
tufafi:
- 1 Na farko, ana barin sabobin ganye a cikin rufaffiyar kwalba har sai sun so.
- 2 Daga nan sai a huda ganyen na tsawon mintuna da dama har sai
har sai sun koma baki. - 3 Sakamakon katakon katako ya bushe.
Irin wannan ganyen blackberry ana adana shi kamar yadda aka saba da teas na gargajiya.
ganye – a cikin akwati da aka rufe.
A cikin binciken kimiyya
A cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, blackberries suna ƙara zama abin bincike na kimiyya.
karatu. Masana kimiyya kuma suna sha’awar damar yin amfani da yuwuwar
berries a cikin magani, da hanyoyin ci gaba don kare tsire-tsire da amfanin gona,
da sabbin tsare-tsare don amfani da blackberries a masana’antar abinci.
A cikin shekarar da ta gabata kadai ayyuka da dama sun bayyana wanda tsakiya
wurin yana shagaltar da baƙar fata ko kayan da aka samar daga gare su. Menene
Misali, mun lissafa ayyuka biyar ne kawai daga 2019,
hade da waraka sakamakon blackberries:
- “Antioxidant m da phenolic profile na tsantsa
blackberry anthocyanin ya biyo bayan fermentation na microbiota na hanji
mutum”. A cikin wannan binciken, masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa anthocyanins
Blackberries a ƙarƙashin rinjayar enzymes na microbiota na hanji suna iya
samar da metabolites masu aiki tare da yuwuwar antioxidant
aiki da damuwa na oxidative. . - «Sakamakon ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) akan damuwa
halin berayen”. A sakamakon gwaje-gwaje da daban-daban
Juice Dosage da Duban Dabbobi masu Cuta
damuwa, masana kimiyya sun ƙaddamar da yiwuwar warkewa
Sakamakon ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na blackberry akan damuwa mai alaka da damuwa
taron. . - “Tsarin blackberry yana hana ayyukan telomerase a cikin sel
ciwon duburar mutum”. A cikin wannan binciken, anti-telomerase
An yi nazarin ayyukan danyen blackberry tsantsa.
a cikin layukan tantanin halitta guda shida (CRC).
Yin amfani da TRAP bincike. Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa cirewar blackberry
mahimmanci ya hana haɓakar layin salula na CRC guda shida a cikin hanyar dogaro da kashi
hanya, kuma ya kammala cewa hanawar telomerase shine
mabuɗin hanyar da blackberries ke da tasirin anticancer
aiki na sel CRC. . - “Haɗuwar ’ya’yan itacen blackberry da ruwan ganye suna sanyaya rai
cututtukan hanta mai kitse mara giya (steatosis), yana inganta mutunci
hanji kuma yana ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani Lactobacillus
da Akkermansia a cikin berayen”. A cikin gwajin bera tare da wucin gadi
lalacewa ta hanyar steatosis na makonni 12 an ciyar da 50% ethanol
‘Ya’yan itacen blackberry ko ruwan ‘ya’yan itace (450 mg / kg nauyin jiki).
A sakamakon haka, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawarar cewa cirewar blackberry yana raguwa
matakin triglycerides da lipid peroxides a cikin hanta, yana ƙaruwa
adadin kwayoyin halittar da ke hade da beta oxidation yana rage adadin
wadancan kwayoyin halittar da ke da hannu a cikin fatty acid biosynthesis. me yafi haka
Bugu da kari, da blackberry tsantsa zai kuma taimaka hanji dysbiosis.
ƙara yawan Lactobacillus da Akkermansia a cikin najasa.
.
Don rasa nauyi
Blackberries, kamar sauran berries mai arziki a cikin anthocyanins, hana
Girman nauyi a cikin samfuran kiba rodents. amma
wannan ba yana nufin mutane sun dandana ba
tasiri iri ɗaya. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya sun tashi don tantance tasirin amfani
blackberries don amfani da makamashi substrates da tsarin glucose
a cikin masu aikin sa kai na ɗan adam akan abinci mai yawan gaske
mai
An haɗa maza ashirin da bakwai masu kiba ko masu kiba a cikin rukunin da aka bazu.
nazarin crossover mai sarrafa placebo wanda ya ƙunshi
matakai biyu. .
Abincin da masu aikin sa kai suka bi ya ƙunshi gram 600 na blackberries
kowace rana, gabatar a cikin rage cin abinci bisa ga wani wajen hadaddun shirin don
yuwuwar cikakken bincike game da tasirin berries akan alamun kiba.
Sakamakon ma’auni na alamomi daban-daban sun nuna cewa amfani da
blackberries iya inganta mafi girma hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma karuwa
Hankalin insulin a cikin maza masu kiba.
A zahiri, blackberries tare da 43 kcal / 100 g galibi ana haɗa su cikin shirye-shiryen.
lafiyayyen abinci da nufin rage kiba. Wannan Berry
ƙananan ƙananan – har zuwa raka’a 25. – glycemic index (GI), – menene
yana ba masu ciwon sukari damar amfani da shi a cikin tsare-tsaren cin abinci.
Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga tsarin ci gaba don kimanta tasirin samfurin
matakan sukari na jini, wanda ke nuna fiye da adadin kawai,
amma kuma a cikin ingancin carbohydrates – Glycemic Load (GL) – blackberries suna karuwa
raka’a 4 kacal, wanda kuma kadan ne.
A cikin dafa abinci
Blackberries suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci, amma ana bayyana acidity na berries.
yafi karfi. Hakanan ana iya jin ɗanɗanon ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, kodayake daidai ne
hade da dandano bambanta da yawa dangane da
nau’in shuka, iri-iri da yanayin girma. Mai zaki
An yi la’akari da nau’in blackberries masu rarrafe. Mai ɗaci da yaji –
irin tsire-tsire masu tsayi.
Ana cin baƙar fata danye ana sarrafa su. Berry
yi jam, cika ko yin burodi ado (puddings,
kek, pies). Yawancin lokaci ana ƙara blackberries zuwa salads na ‘ya’yan itace,
gauraye da santsi.
Shahararriyar wurin dafa abinci dabam kuma sanannen wuri a ƙarshe
Lokaci ya zama shirye-shiryen giya na blackberry. Bugu da kari, ana kera shi
masana’antu ne da na cikin gida. Don ƙirƙirar
ruwan inabi a gida zai buƙaci 1 kg na blackberries, 1 lita na ruwa, 250-300 g na sukari.
da 3-4 g na yisti.
- 1 Cikakke berries an riga an tsabtace su daga mai tushe, lankwasa
a cikin kwalbar gilashi a zuba da ruwa mai zafi ya tafasa. - 2 Ana shayar da blackberries na kwanaki 4-5 a cikin duhu, wuri mai dumi.
- 3 A ƙarshen lokacin, ana tace jiko ta hanyar gauze don rabuwa.
ruwan ‘ya’yan itace berries gauraye da ruwa. - 4 Ana zuba ruwan (ruwan ‘ya’yan itace + ruwa) a cikin kwalbar gilashi mai tsabta,
inda ake saka sukari da yisti. - 5 A cikin wuri mai duhu a dakin da zafin jiki, ana ajiye cakuda
kamar wata daya, har sai da hadi ya cika. - 6 Bayan haka, ruwan inabi yana cikin kwalba, an rufe shi sosai.
toka kuma a shayar da shi na kimanin watanni 4 har sai ya cika
a cikin dakin duhu, amma riga sanyi.
En cosmetology
Daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa na kwaskwarima na blackberries.
lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a waje, ƙarfin sassa daban-daban
tsire-tsire:
- yaki kumburin fata,
- rage samar da mai
- tausasa epidermis, yana ba da yanayi don farfadowa;
- Yana ciyar da kuma sanya ruwa a saman saman fata.
Abubuwan ɓangarorin Berry suna matsayi ta masana’antun a matsayin tasiri
vasoconstrictor don inganta microcirculation da kawar
daga rosacea. Ana samun man iri na Blackberry a ciki
kayan shafawa a matsayin antioxidant,
hana ayyukan iskar shaka mai lalacewa, ta haka
kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki na anti-tsufa creams da masks, magani shirye-shirye
ga matsalar fata, ulcers da raunuka masu warkarwa.
Haɗari Properties na blackberries da contraindications.
Blackberries suna da ‘yan contraindications. Amma tare da mafi girma acidity
ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na ciki, amfani da waɗannan berries da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace ya kamata a iyakance.
Har ila yau, blackberries na iya cutar da masu fama da allergies.
haifar da kumburin fata, kumburi, gudawa ko amai.
A cikin jerin samfuran da ke ɗauke da oxalates (oxalate salts da esters
acid), blackberries suna cikin ‘yankin ja’, wanda ya haɗa da waɗannan berries,
cewa yana da kyawawa don cirewa daga abincin don rage yiwuwar
exacerbation na urolithiasis
cututtuka, rheumatoid amosanin gabbai, gout.
Duk da haka, don kiran blackberry mai rikodin rikodi na alamar «oxalate».
Ba shi yiwuwa, sabili da haka, in babu bayyanannun contraindications, ‘ya’yan itãcen wannan
tsire-tsire a cikin matsakaici (kimanin ½ kofin kowace rana) suna
zaka iya
Mun tattara mahimman bayanai game da fa’idodi da haɗarin da ke tattare da blackberries.
a cikin wannan misalin kuma za mu yi godiya sosai idan kun raba
hoto a shafukan sada zumunta, tare da hanyar haɗi zuwa shafinmu:
Zabi da ajiya
Lokacin zabar blackberries, yakamata a ba da fifiko ga baƙi da busassun.
Berry. Idan ka ci karo da jikakken blackberries rufe a cikin ruwan nasu.
don haka yana nufin cewa yana kwance a kan counter na akalla kwanaki uku kuma.
mai yiwuwa ya fara lalacewa. Alamar lalacewa kai tsaye
za a iya samun tarin kudaje kusa da tire. Amma daci
kamshin berries mara kyau, idan kun wari, zaku iya kama shi da kanku.
Ana sayar da baƙar fata ba tare da mai tushe ba, amma idan an kama berries
tare da ‘wutsiya’ to yana da kyau kada a dauki wannan saboda akwai yuwuwar hakan
cewa an girbe amfanin gona da wuri kuma an girbe a gida “a kan windowsill”
ba zai iya ba.
Zai fi kyau a wanke baƙar fata kafin a ci su. Bugu da kari, don
yantar da ‘ya’yan itatuwa daga danshi na halitta, za’a iya sanya shi a kan takarda
tawul a cikin wani Layer.
Lokacin siyan blackberry, ya kamata a tuna cewa sabbin berries ba a adana su na dogon lokaci.
Ko da a cikin firiji, kada su ajiye fiye da kwanaki 3-4. Banda haka
– ƙananan yanayin zafi, kusa da 0 ° C, wanda Berry zai iya hutawa
kusan mako guda, da kuma – daskarewa yanayin zafi, wanda ya ba ka damar daskare
berries har sai kakar wasa ta gaba. Don haka a sauƙaƙe zaku iya cire adadin daidai daga baya
blackberries daga injin daskarewa, yana da kyau a daskare berries
a kan takardar burodi ko yankan katako da aka shirya a cikin Layer, kuma kun gama
idan sun daskare sai a zuba su a cikin wani akwati na gama-gari.
Hakanan ana iya bushe blackberries don adana dogon lokaci.
A al’ada, ana yin irin wannan bushewa a rana.
ko a cikin na’urorin bushewa na musamman da wuta ta ƙone zuwa zafin jiki
a kusa da 60 ° C. Hakazalika, ana iya bushe blackberries a cikin tanda.
tare da bakin kofa don guje wa danshin da ke fita. Shago
kwayoyi a cikin jaka na takarda ko kwali.
Iri da noma.
A matsayin shuka ‘ya’yan itace, blackberries suna girma ne kawai daga ƙarshe.
Karni na XVIII. Mexico, Amurka, Serbia, Hungary, Ingila, Romania, Poland,
Croatia, Jamus da wasu ƙasashe, ana noma su a masana’antu
sikelin, amma adadin kasashen da ke samar da blackberries a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan
girma.
A yau akwai nau’ikan iri, iri da kuma hybrids na blackberries.
Masu kiwo sun haifar da nau’in blackberries marasa ƙaya waɗanda ke ba da ‘ya’ya
har ma fiye da aiki fiye da nau’in spiny, duk da haka, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a yarda da su ba
sanyi.
Daya daga cikin shahararrun nau’ikan blackberries marasa ƙaya – «Thornfree» –
An ba da kyauta don iya jure yanayin zafi zuwa -20 ° C.
A cikin wannan nau’in, har zuwa ‘ya’yan itatuwa 20-30 suna girma a cikin kowane gungu don haka
yana yiwuwa a tattara har zuwa kilogiram 30 na berries daga daji guda.
A cikin Amurka, berries Marionberry sun shahara sosai – nau’in blackberry
(giciye tsakanin nau’ikan ‘Chehalem’ da ‘Olallie’), an haɓaka a cikin
shirin inganta hadin gwiwa na ma’aikatar noma
Amurka da Jami’ar Jihar Oregon.
Blackberry da rasberi hybrids suma sun yadu. Sai a 1883
Lauyan shekara James Harvey Logan ya ketare makircinsa da gangan
blackberries na «Texas Early» iri-iri da «Red Antwerp» raspberries, a
a sakamakon haka ya sami samfurin da ya karbi sunansa daga baya
mai suna Logan’s Berry. Wani matasan gama gari shine
Boysen Berry (Ezhemaline, bred 1923 na Rudolf Boysen).
Zaƙi dandano, furta blackberry-rasberi kamshi da arziki
duhu ceri launi na manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa (matsakaicin 8,5 g) an bayar
suna cikin babban buƙata daga masu amfani.
A cikin ƙasarmu, ana ba da fifiko ga irin wannan nau’in kumanik.
(siffa ta tsaye) kamar “Ruben”, “Ouachita”, “Apache”. Tsakanin raɓa
(nau’i mai rarrafe) shahararrun su ne “Yawaita”, “Lucretia”,
Oregon mara kyau. Amma gabaɗaya, daga cikin ɗaruruwan zaɓuɓɓuka don a tsaye,
Siffar tsire-tsire masu rarrafe da tsaka-tsaki, kowane mai lambu zai iya zaɓar
mafi dacewa.
Lokacin noma, bayan zabar nau’in da iri-iri na blackberries, kuna buƙatar haskakawa
a cikin lambun, kariya daga iska, yankin rana a kudu ko kudu maso yamma
bangarorin. A lokaci guda kuma, a lokacin da ‘ya’yan itatuwa suka bayyana a shekara mai zuwa.
Kuna buƙatar la’akari da shading bushes, kamar haske
rana na iya ƙone berries kuma ta lalata kamannin su. Yana ƙasa
blackberries a cikin Afrilu-Mayu a cikin haske mai haske mai cike da humus
ƙasa tare da mafi kyawun pH na 6.
Gabaɗaya, an yi imani cewa ba shi da wahala a shuka blackberries akan shafin.
A baya can, lambu suna yin haka ba don kare amfanin gona ba
don ƙirƙirar shinge na ado kuma a lokaci guda ba za a iya jurewa ba.
Duk da haka, yanzu, tare da watsa bayanai game da warkewa, abinci mai gina jiki
da kayan kwaskwarima na blackberries, mutane sun fara godiya da amfani
‘ya’yan itãcen wannan har yanzu underrated shuka.
Menene bambanci tsakanin blackberries da black raspberries?
Duk da girma shahararsa na blackberries, ga mutane da yawa shi ne har yanzu
ya kasance ba a sani ba Berry a yanzu, ko da yake mafi gogaggen masu amfani
Kuna iya kuskuren blackberry don baƙar fata a zahiri mai kama da ita
rasberi
Black raspberries iri-iri ne na musamman na ja da aka fi sani.
raspberries, ‘yan asalin Arewacin Amirka. Yawancin gonakin
Ana samun baƙar fata raspberries da aka noma a kasuwa a Arewa maso Yamma.
Amurka, kusa da Tekun Pacific. Wannan shuka ya fi son ƙarin
sanyi yanayi kuma ba kamar na kowa kamar blackberries. me yafi haka
Har ila yau, ana girbe amfanin gonar baƙar fata sau ɗaya a shekara, a watan Yuli, wanda kuma
ya bambanta shi da blackberry samuwa watanni da yawa na shekara.
An yi imani yana faruwa akan daji don bambance blackberries daga black raspberries.
ko da wuya fiye da taru. Kuma ƙayayuwa mai tushe na shuka a ciki
wannan ba ya taimaka, tun da iri-iri na blackberries na iya zama a lokaci guda
fiye ko ƙasa da ƙaya. Amma bayan girbi
bambanci tsakanin ‘ya’yan itatuwa ya fi dacewa:
- A mahaɗin Berry tare da kara a cikin baki (kamar a cikin ja)
raspberries za su kasance cikin rami. Ya bayyana saboda tsakiya
‘ya’yan itacen (mai amfani) sun kasance a ɓangaren shuka. Kuma ga ‘ya’yan itacen blackberry
gaba daya rabu da kara, kiyaye cikin ciki fari ko kore
‘ya’yan itace, tare da taimakon abin da berries aka haɗe zuwa «wutsiya». - Duka baƙar fata raspberries da blackberries lokacin da suka girma suna da taushi don taɓawa.
kuma ba a adana su na dogon lokaci. Duk da haka, black raspberries sun fi santsi da sauri.
fiye da ganima fiye da blackberries. - ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari biyu, a kallon farko, suna bayyana taushi, amma,
idan kun sanya su kusa da juna to sabanin blackberries wanda gaske
cikakken santsi, a cikin baƙar fata raspberries za ku iya lura da ɗan fahimta
farin tari. - Lokacin kwatanta dandano, blackberries za a bambanta da ɗan astringency.
da black raspberries: a furta zaƙi na ‘ya’yan itace.
bayanai na sha’awa
Wasu daga cikin ‘yan uwanmu sun sami blackberries a kan shelves.
manyan kantunan kwanan nan, amma a cikin dangantakar ɗan adam gabaɗaya
tare da blackberries suna da dogon tarihi, wanda aka nuna kuma
a cikin harshe da tatsuniyoyi.
A cikin harshe:
- Ta hanyar sunan al’ada na blackberry, zaku iya fahimtar wane nau’in daji
muna magana ne game da: tsayayyen shuka ana kiransa kumanik, kuma mai rarrafe
a ƙasa – digon raɓa. - Sunan ‘blackberry’ na Rasha yana yiwuwa saboda sa
Hedgehog spines a kan rassan. A cikin harsuna da yankuna masu dangantaka
yaruka suna kiranta ozhina, azhina, syrbalin, sanyi,
m rasberi, turquoise (wataƙila saboda sautin bluish na ‘ya’yan itace). - Sunan ainihin “Berry” dangane da blackberries daga mahangar Botanical
kallon ba daidai ba ne. Ya fi daidai don kiran ‘ya’yan itacen wannan shuka polystyrene,
kamar yadda ya kunshi ‘ya’yan itatuwa da yawa da aka shuka tare
tare da kashi (drupe).
A cikin tatsuniyoyi da imani:
- Tatsuniyar Celtic yana danganta ikon kafawa
dangane da fairies. - A Ingila, ’yan gari masu camfi suna ƙoƙarin kada su tsince berries.
bayan 11 ga Oktoba, domin a cewar almara, a wannan rana shaidan ya tofa
A kan ‘ya’yan itacen blackberry, kuma wanda ya ci su za a la’anta ko ƙazantar. - Amma ana iya amfani da ‘ya’yan itacen da aka girbe kafin ranar 29 ga Satumba
a cikin al’ada don ƙara arziki. Don wannan, an sanya blackberries a kan bagaden.
kuma suka yi sihiri, bayan haka lafiya ta kasance
suna girma da aiki iri ɗaya kamar kurmin shuka. - Tsirrai masu ƙaya da ba za a iya jurewa ba suna hidima a cikin al’adun gargajiya har ma
manufa daya: blackberry bushes dasa tare da gefen dajin ya kamata
Su kare mutanen kauye daga ruhin daji. - Wasu mutane suna da al’ada na kawar da rheumatism,
bisa ga haka a rana ta uku dole ne mara lafiya ya yi sau uku
Yi ja jiki a ƙarƙashin ƙwanƙarar ciyayi na blackberry da farko tare da bayanka daga yamma
fuskantar gabas, sa’an nan kuma duba, gabas zuwa yamma.
Hankalin aikin lambu na blackberry a Yammacin Turai ya kai kololuwa
shekaru 60-80. Karni na XNUMX, ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa bushes masu ƙaya sun fara girma ba tare da kulawa ba
ya bazu cikin yankunan garuruwa. Wannan, a cikin wasu abubuwa,
gudummawar da tsuntsaye, wanda, tare da ƙaunataccen ‘ya’yan itatuwa na shuka
dauke da tsaba. A sakamakon haka, yanzu a cikin unguwannin bayan gari, wuraren da ba kowa ba da kuma a yankunan masana’antu
yankunan manyan biranen Turai, za ku iya samun rashin wucewa akan babban sikelin
‘Jungle’ blackberry, wani lokacin masu kiwon zuma ke amfani da su, domin tun
na blackberry nectar, ana samun zuma mai haske da dadi.
