Halayen kabeji na abinci –

Ana shuka kabeji don dabbobi. Daban-daban Proteor ana girma a yankuna daban-daban na Rasha. Za a yi la’akari da cikakken bayanin iri-iri a cikin labarin.

Halayen abinci

Zai siffata

Kale – musamman m samfurin tare da kaji. Ana kuma amfani da shi azaman abinci ga dabbobi.

Halayen iri-iri:

• yana da tushe mai karfi da dogayen ganye.
• sanyi mai jurewa (zai iya jurewa har zuwa -14 ° C);
• mai sauƙin kulawa,
• rashin buƙatar yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayi,
• yana jure tsananin fari.

Mai karewa yana da babban aiki: har zuwa kilogiram 1 na busassun busassun da 1 m2. Ana iya dasa shi duka a cikin bude ƙasa da a cikin greenhouse.

Bayanin daji

Kabeji tsiro ne mai ganye da kauri mai kauri. Ana amfani da sassan biyu don abinci.

Mai karewa: shuka mai shekaru biyu. Yawancin lokaci ya kai tsayin 100-110 cm, saboda haka yana cikin kayan lambu masu tsayi. A cikin shekara ta farko, kara yana da siffar cylindrical, a cikin na biyu – siffar spindle. Idan kabeji ya girma a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, rassan suna samuwa.

Ganyayyaki sun kai tsayin 50 cm, nisa na 30-40 cm. Ganyen ganyen yana da ɗan shafa mai kakin zuma. Petioles 15 zuwa 40 cm.

A cikin shekara ta biyu na budding na kariyar, sababbin harbe sun bayyana akan kara. Suna samar da furanni tare da diamita har zuwa 5 cm.

Haɗuwa

Abubuwan sinadaran da ƙimar sinadirai:

• yana da dukiya mai samar da madara,
• ya ƙunshi 12-15% daskararru,
• karfin sukari – 4-7%,
• kasancewar 60-75% ascorbic acid, wanda ke inganta narkewar dabba.
• yana da carotene, bitamin B, sauran ma’adanai,
• ya ƙunshi furotin har zuwa 4%,
• yana da har zuwa 2-3% fiber.

Nutritionally iri daya da hatsi, amma yafi gina jiki fiye da beets ko karas. Yana da matukar muhimmanci ga kiwo shanu. Shanu suna buƙatar ciyar da akalla kilogiram 15 na kabeji na abinci kowace rana. Wannan zai fi dacewa rinjayar samuwar madara, hanzarta wannan tsari. Hakanan inganta ingancin kayan kiwo.

Ana iya adana ‘ya’yan itatuwa a cikin dakin sanyi ba tare da ƙuntatawa mai tsanani akan yanayin zafi ba. A cellars da ginshiki ne cikakke ga wannan.

Cuidado

Kabeji na abinci baya buƙatar kulawa.

Zaɓin tsaba

Matsakaicin nauyin tsaba 1000 shine 3-5 g. Bayan sayan, wajibi ne a bi ka’idodin dasa shuki da girma don samun nau’in nau’in nau’i mai kyau da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa. duba ingancin don yin wannan, ana nutsar da tsaba a cikin ruwa mai zafi zuwa 50ºC. Suna jira minti 7-10, bayan haka suna duban: idan tsaba sun nutse zuwa kasan akwati, sun dace da dasa shuki. Idan sun fesa, to sai a jefar da su, domin babu komai a ciki, ba za su yi amfanin gona ba.

Shiri don dasa shuki

Ƙasar tana buƙatar shirya don dasa shuki

Zai fi kyau a shirya tsaba da ƙasa kafin dasa shuki. Ana bi da su tare da maganin manganese. Ana iya ƙara boric acid.

Don maganin iri, ɗauki 5 g na potassium permanganate da 2 g na boric acid. Ana tayar da su a cikin lita 10 na ruwa mai dumi, ruwa maras kyau. Zuba a cikin babban akwati mai fadi inda aka sanya tsaba kuma. Su kasance a wurin har zuwa minti 15, bayan haka an wanke su kuma a bushe.

Don ban ruwa, ɗauki 15 g na manganese da 5 g na boric acid. Tashe a cikin guga na ruwa. Amfani da 1 m2 – 2 lita na diluted bayani. Matsakaicin dilution shine 1 zuwa 2.

Saukowa

Ana dasa kabeji mai kariya daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa farkon Yuli. Ana aiwatar da dasawa lokacin da aƙalla ganye na gaskiya 5 suka bayyana akan tsiron.

1. Don dasa shuki, zaɓi wurin da babu inuwa kuma ana samun dama ga hasken rana akai-akai. Yana da mahimmanci cewa matakin ruwan ƙasa ya zama akalla 1 m.
2. Ƙasar acidic ba ta dace ba. A akasin haka, ana aiwatar da liming. Amma yana da kyau a fara zaɓar matsakaici dangane da abun da ke ciki na inji da ƙasa mai wadatar halitta. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine peat bogs.
3. Harbe suna bayyana bayan kwanaki 10. Tsarin shuka: 80 * 80cm.
4. A cikin 1 m2 zaka iya shuka fiye da bushes 7 don kada tsarin tushen su ya shiga tsakani. Nisa tsakanin layuka shine 45 cm.

Gibi yana faruwa kwanaki 100 bayan dasa iri. Yana daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba.

Watse

Kabeji shuka ne mai son danshi. Don shayarwa, kuna buƙatar 0.5 l na ruwa a ƙarƙashin daji (sau 2-3 a mako). Ana ɗaukar ruwan dumi kuma a daidaita.

Saki

Hanyar da ake bukata don shuka kabeji na forage:

• yana wadatar da ƙasa da oxygen,
• yana cire ɓawon burodi daga ƙasa bayan shayarwa ko ruwan sama.
• yana inganta saurin girma na daji.

Hakanan ana sassautawa don magance ciyawa. Idan ba a cire su a cikin lokaci ba, yana yiwuwa a lalata tushen tsarin ko dakatar da ci gaban kayan lambu.

Abincin

Nitrogen takin mai magani yana da mahimmanci ga kayan lambu. Ana yawan ɗaukar Ammonium nitrate azaman taki. Don ciyar da farko, 5 g na abu yana diluted a cikin 1 l na ruwa. Ana yin wannan graying idan kabeji ciyar ya riga ya sami ganye 3-4.

Ana ciyar da abinci na biyu a cikin matakin ganye na 6-7: 3 g na ammonium nitrate da 8 g na superphosphate an diluted a cikin 2 l na ruwa. Adadin amfani shine lita 0.3 don barkewar cutar.

Annoba da cututtuka

Saboda kyakkyawan darajar abinci mai gina jiki, kwari sukan kai hari ga kayan lambu. Suna bukatar a yi yaƙi da su a kan lokaci. Wasu lambu suna yin watsi da wannan saboda ana shuka kabeji musamman don dabbobi. Ba su gane cewa mummunan sakamako na kwari ba zai shafi inganci, ƙanshi, dandano madara da yanayin shanu.

Karin kwari

Irin waɗannan kwari na iya shafar kabeji na abinci:

1. Cruciferous fleas. Waɗannan ƙananan kwari ne baƙi waɗanda suke cin ganyen kayan lambu. Alamar tasirinsa shine ƙananan ramuka da yawa a saman saman takardar. Don magance su, yi amfani da cakuda toka da ƙurar taba a cikin rabo na 1 zuwa 1. Ba lallai ba ne don shayarwa, saboda ana amfani da hanyar bushe pollination na ganye. Kuna buƙatar yin wannan da sassafe. Yana da kyau a sami raɓa a saman shuka.
2. Kabeji asu. Butterflies suna launin ruwan kasa ko launin toka tare da dogon jiki. Suna cizon gefen ganyen kuma suna cin nama, don magance su, ana amfani da ‘Lepidocide’. Ana diluted samfurin a cikin ruwa bisa ga umarnin. Aiwatar da ban ruwa ta drip a saman ganyen da abin ya shafa.
3. Rapeseed flowering. Black irin ƙwaro har zuwa 1 cm cikin girman. Lalacewa sprouts da iri. Bayan fallasa, har zuwa 70% na kayan iri na iya mutuwa. Ana aiwatar da aiwatarwa akan 0.2% etaphos da 0.04% andomethrin.
4. Kabeji tashi. A waje yana kama da kuda mai launin ruwan kasa. Yana ciyar da tushen kore. Da farko, ana cin abinci mai laushi, mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, bayan haka yana iya shafar ganye. Don kawar da kwari na kabeji, ɗauki samfurin ‘Topaz’. 1 ampoule abu an diluted a cikin 10 l na ruwa. Ana kuma amfani da Spark da Karbofos.

Cututtuka

Ƙara zafi da zafin jiki, ƙasa da aka zaɓa ba daidai ba na iya haifar da ci gaban cututtuka masu zuwa:

• kowane,
• baki kafa,
• ruwan toka,
• baƙar tabo na ganye da kwasfa.

Idan an lura da cututtuka a farkon matakai, ana amfani da yawan canjin ban ruwa, dasawa zuwa wata ƙasa, maganin ƙasa, da dai sauransu.

. Idan cutar ta riga ta tasowa, yi amfani da magungunan sinadarai a. Maganin ‘Cumulus’ yana taimakawa daga keel, wanda ake amfani dashi a ƙarƙashin tushen a cikin adadin 35 g kowace guga na ruwa. Cire ƙafar baƙar fata zai taimaka ‘Fitosporin’. Magani akan 5 g na abu da 10 l na ruwa an ƙara zuwa kowace rijiya. A cikin yakin da ake yi da launin toka mai launin toka, an dakatar da shayarwa, tare da baƙar fata, ana bi da su tare da bushes na Iskra.

ƙarshe

Kabeji shine kyakkyawan abinci ga dabbobi. Ƙimar da ɗimbin abun da ke ciki da ƙimar sinadirai masu yawa. Yana iya girma a kowane yanki.