Ƙananan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, a gindin ganyen wanda yara ƙanana a hankali suna gida – kwafin uwar, kama da kaji a ƙarƙashin fuka-fuki na kaza. An kira shuka da mutane «kaza da kaji» ko tolmiya (tolmeya). Ina ba da shawarar yin nazari sosai kan wannan shuka mai ban sha’awa mai ban sha’awa daga dangin saxifrage.
Tolmiya Menzies (lat. Tolmiea menziesii). Tolmia Menzes. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com floradania
Abun ciki:
Halayen halittu na tolmiya.
Saboda nau’in tsire-tsire, tolmia shine murfin shuka. Karamin tsire-tsire mai bushewa wanda ke girma da sauri tare da koren kafet, yana rufe ƙasan ƙasa na shukar gandun daji. A cikin yanayi, har ma ana la’akari da wakili mai ƙarfafa ƙasa.
Babban rabon tolmia ya kasance a yankuna na Arewacin Amurka, wanda shine ƙasarsa ta asali. Tolmia tsire-tsire ne na shekara-shekara tare da rhizome na perennial 15 zuwa 50 cm tsayi, ƙaramin daji ba ya wuce 40 cm a diamita. Ana samun rosette na manya, mai ɗanɗano, kore mai haske ko ganye masu banƙyama akan ɗan gajeren kara. Ganyen ganyen akan dogayen petioles tare da jijiyoyi koren duhu akai-akai, tukwici masu kaifi da tushe mai igiya, wanda aka lulluɓe da gashi mai laushi, suna da ban sha’awa sosai.
Herringbone inflorescences har zuwa 50 cm tsayi tare da ƙananan furanni masu launin kirim da furanni masu launin shuɗi ba sa wakiltar darajar kayan ado kuma yawanci ana cire su nan da nan don kada su dagula tasirin ado na daji. Young Multi-leaved rosettes a kan dogon harbe (kamar strawberries) rataye, kuma a lõkacin da suka zo a cikin lamba tare da substrate, suka yi tushen saboda da sauri-girma rudimentary tushen. Saboda wannan iyawar, tolmium yana girma a cikin gida azaman tsire-tsire mai girma.
Furen Tolmiya Menzies. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Digitalbcon1
Tolmia Menzes a cikin aikin fulawa na cikin gida
A cikin dangin saxifrage, genus tolmia yana wakiltar nau’in nau’in 2 wanda, tare da cikakken kamanni na waje, ya bambanta kawai a cikin tsarin ovary. A na cikin gida floriculture, daya jinsin aka yi girma, “Menzies diploid Tolmia”, wanda yana da dama sunayen dangantaka da asali Hanyar vegetative haifuwa na kore yara: “Hen da kaji”, “Matasa a cikin tsufa”, “uwaye mata dubu» The biyu Sunan Botanical na tolmia shine dajin Chistets.
Tolmiya Menzies ana iya la’akari da rarity a cikin duniyar shuka. Yana da fasalin ban mamaki. Wataƙila wannan ita ce kawai tsire-tsire waɗanda, lokacin da aka girma a cikin ƙaramin ƙarami (tukunya, ƙaramin akwati), fara haifar da jarirai a cikin shukar uwar balagaggu kawai lokacin da sararin tukunyar da rhizome yake ciki yana haɗuwa da tushen., kusan babu kasa. Tsofaffin ganyen sun mutu, suna zama tushen ga tsire-tsire matasa. A karkashin yanayi na halitta, tolmia yana haifuwa tare da taimakon tushen rarrafe, yana samar da kananan ciyayi koren da aka rufe da ganye mai haske na 5-15 cm matasa ganye. A hankali tsohon daji yana mutuwa.
Толмия Мензиса. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com floradania
Siffofin kula da tolmia
Haske da zazzabi
A cikin yanayi, tolmia yana ciyar da rayuwarsa gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin alfarwar daji. Don haka, baya buƙatar haske mai haske ko rana mai zafi, amma baya jurewa cunkoso kuma koyaushe yana buƙatar kwararar iska mai cike da danshi. A cikin al’adar ɗakin, yana da kyau a sanya shi a kan tagogin arewa. Lokacin da aka samo shi a wurare masu haske, shuka yana buƙatar inuwa ta dindindin, wanda za’a iya ƙirƙira tare da raga na matsakaici-cell ko shading fim na likita. Yana tsayayya da sanyi da zayyana. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na iska yana canzawa tsakanin + 12- + 20 ° C, kuma a cikin hunturu, lokacin hutawa, ana iya rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa + 10 ° C.
Bukatar ƙasa
Ƙasar gandun daji tana da haske a cikin abun da ke ciki, tare da isasshen adadin abubuwan gina jiki da aka saki daga ruɓaɓɓen dajin daji. Don haka, lokacin girma tolmiya a gida, ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar yanayin ƙasa kusa da ƙasan yanayi.
Abun da ke tattare da cakuda ƙasa dole ne ya haɗa da sassa 2 na ƙasa mai ganye da yashi mara nauyi; Don ƙara danshi da ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki, ana ƙara 1 part humus, turf da peat a cikin mahaɗin.
Don dasa shuki, zaɓi tukwane mai zurfi, tabbatar da lalatawa kuma cika 1/4 cike da magudanar ruwa, faɗaɗɗen yumbu, da yashi mara nauyi. Ana shuka tsire-tsire ta hanyar canzawa, kamar yadda tushen tsarin ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na ƙananan tushen da ke kewaye da ƙurar ƙasa.
Tolmiya Menzisa. Manoma Burea-Uinsurance.com Storch
Dangantaka da zafi
Domin “mahaifiyar kaji” su zauna a cikin ‘ya’yansu, shayarwa mai yawa ya zama dole a lokacin rani kuma don kiyaye su a cikin yanayin danshi a cikin hunturu a lokacin hutawa. Bugu da ƙari a ƙarƙashin gandun daji, tolmiya yana buƙatar ƙananan microclimate a lokacin rani. Kuna iya ƙirƙira shi a cikin gida a kusa da shuka ta hanyar kiyaye yumbu mai laushi ko gansakuka a cikin kwanon rufi. Ruwan da ke ƙafewa daga saman jika ɗin za su ji daɗin iska koyaushe. Yayin da yake bushewa, ƙara ruwa a cikin kwanon rufi.
Shayar da tsire-tsire tare da tsayayyen ruwa ba tare da chlorine a cikin zafin jiki ba. Ana yin ban ruwa tare da kwanon ruwa tare da ɗimbin ɗigon ruwa a gefen tukunyar, a kula don kada ruwan ya faɗo a kan ganyen tolmiya. Digon ruwa da ke da babban abun ciki na alli, wanda ke faɗowa akan ruwan ganyen balagagge, na iya bushewa da farar fata marasa kyan gani ko sa su ruɓe. Kwallan ƙasa ya kamata ya zama damp koyaushe (amma ba a jiƙa da ruwa mai yawa ba). Sau 2-3 a wata, ana wanke tsire-tsire masu ƙura tare da shawa, tun da a baya an rufe ƙasa a cikin tukunya tare da fim.
Tolmiya taki
A lokacin rani, don ingantaccen ci gaban foliar taro, tolmia yana buƙatar wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, wanda aka bayar ta hanyar gabatar da ma’adinai da takin mai magani. A cikin lokacin bazara mai aiki, ana ciyar da tolmiya tare da cikakken takin ma’adinai bayan kwanaki 18-20. Kafin shayarwa, zaka iya ƙara nitroammophoska (ba fiye da 5-6 g ba) ko cakuda na musamman don rukuni na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Ana yin suturar sama da takin ma’adinai a cikin tsari mai ƙarfi ko ruwa. Ana yada takin mai ƙarfi a hankali kafin shayarwa, kuma ana narkar da takin mai magani a cikin ruwan ban ruwa 10 g / 10 l na ruwa. A cikin kaka da damina, tolmiya ba ta da taki.
Tolmiya Menzisa, shahararrun sunayen: kaza da kaji, matasa a cikin tsufa, mata dubu. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com osta
Hanyoyin kiwo don tolmias.
A ƙarƙashin yanayin girma na wucin gadi, tolmia yana yaduwa ta hanyar ciyayi ta yara ko zuriya da sassan rhizome. Sake haifuwa ta tsaba ba ta da amfani, tunda ba a canza kaddarorin kaddarorin uwar shuka ba, musamman a cikin nau’ikan iri da nau’ikan iri.
Haihuwa ta yara
Kuna iya yada tolmiya ta yara ba tare da rabuwa da shukar uwa ba ko raba ƙaramin shuka da wani yanki na ganye. A cikin shari’ar farko, ganyen da aka kafa matashin rosette yana danne ko kuma damtse a ƙasa. A wurin tuntuɓar ƙasa, tushen tushe na matashin rosette ya fara girma da ƙarfi. Tushen da aka kafe yana rabu da shukar uwar kuma a dasa shi a cikin wani akwati daban.
A cikin hanya ta biyu, an yanke ganye tare da wani ɓangare na petiole (2-3 cm) a gindin ruwan lemun tsami wanda jariri mai siffar rosette ya fara tasowa. An shirya wani akwati (tukunya ko akwati), wanda aka zuba cakuda peat da yashi mara kyau. An binne petiole a cikin ƙasa ba tare da izini ba don ruwan ganyen ya yi daidai da samansa. An shigar da akwati a cikin inuwa kuma an halicci yanayin greenhouse, an rufe shi da fim. A cikin ɗaki mai ɗanɗano tare da ƙasa mai ɗorewa, yankan yana ɗaukar tushe bayan makonni 2-3. Bayan watanni 1,0-1,5, ana iya dasa tsire-tsire a cikin tukwane 6-8 cm baya.
Yaduwa ta hanyar kore cuttings.
Yanke ganye tare da wani ɓangare na petiole. An danna petiole tare da tushe na ganye a cikin ƙasa mai laushi. Sauran kulawa iri ɗaya ne da na haifuwa ta yara. Bayan kafuwar, an cire busasshen ganyen uwar kuma ana dasa shukar ta dindindin.
Haihuwa ta hanyar rarraba rhizome.
Ana amfani da irin wannan nau’in haifuwa galibi don dasa shukar manya. Ana bincika rhizome, bayan cire shuka daga tsohuwar akwati. Cire duk tushen cututtuka da karkatattun tushe. An yanke rhizome zuwa sassa da yawa. Buɗaɗɗen raunuka ana yayyafa shi da murƙushe gawayi ko sulfur foda, kuma ana dasa delenki a cikin sabbin kwantena.
Толмия Мензиса. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com floradania
Tolmiya a cikin kayan ado na dakin
A cikin kayan ado na Apartment da sauran wuraren, ana amfani da Menzies kore-leaved tolmiya da cultivars da cultivars, kazalika da dama iri daban-daban siffofi. Kyau a cikin kayan ado na ciki na ɗakin yana nuna cikakkiyar bayyanar lokacin da aka girma a cikin tukwane a cikin nau’i na tsire-tsire masu girma. Tsire-tsire masu yawa tare da ganye na shekaru daban-daban, launuka daban-daban na kore ko a cikin flecks na zinariya a cikin abun da ke ciki tare da furanni masu furanni suna haifar da dandano na musamman a cikin wurin shakatawa ko lambun hunturu.
Tolmia tana samar da nau’ikan tsire-tsire iri-iri. Ganyayyaki iri-iri, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da rawaya-kamar tabo, suna da kyau sosai. Shahararrun cultivars iri-iri na tolmiya “Taffs Gold” ko Zinariya ta Taffa, “Maculata variegata” suna da kyaun tsire-tsire na ado. Amma kamar kowane iri, suna da ban sha’awa. Sun bambanta daga leafy kore iri a mafi girma ji na ƙwarai to matakin da ƙasa danshi, ta compaction kuma su ne m resistant zuwa cututtuka da kuma kwari.
A cikin yanayin sanyi, ana buƙatar zafin jiki mafi girma na +15… + 17 ° C. Don kada a rasa kayan ado, duk nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’in)) dasa shuki na shekara-shekara, kuma kowace shekara 5 dole ne a maye gurbin su gaba daya tare da sababbin tsire-tsire matasa.
Tolmiya Menzisa. Manoma Burea-Uinsurance.com Alain Delavie
Cututtuka da kwari.
Tolmia yana lalacewa ta hanyar mites, mealybugs, mealybugs, da aphids. Ba a yarda da sarrafa kwaro tare da sinadarai na gida ba. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a bincika shuke-shuke da tsari, kuma lokacin da fararen cobwebs suka bayyana a ƙarƙashin ganyayyaki masu launin rawaya (jajayen mite), farar fata a kan petioles (mealybug) ko faranti mai launin ruwan kasa (ma’auni), bi da tsire-tsire tare da samfurori na halitta Vertimek. Iskra. – Bio, Fitoverm da sauransu.
Ana iya cire aphids tare da maganin sabulu na wankan jarirai. Kafin sarrafawa, gudanar da gwajin dacewa (yayyafa ganye 1-2 da amsawar waƙa). Tolmiya kusan ba ta da lafiya. Rufewar ganyen da aka lura yana da alaƙa da shigar ruwa cikin ruwan ganye. Yawan bushewar iska tare da yanayin zafi na iya haifar da mutuwar shuka.
